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"RETROVIRAL NETWORKS Regulate Evolution and Development. Various small non-coding RNAs participate in ‘multi-task’ networks and such RNAs tend to be transcribed from ‘junk’ retroposons." https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn

RNA VIRUS-DRIVEN EVOLUTION. "In eukaryotes, RNA agents (retroviruses and retroposons) are much more diverse, numerous and dynamic and are providing multiple levels of regulatory complexity. We have recently come to realize that transcription of such retroposon sequence (previously considered junk) is abundant and often produces non-coding RNAs, all being part of stem-loop regions." https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn

DNA VIRUS-DRIVEN EVOLUTION. "Prokaryotic genetic changes are mostly driven by dsDNA parasites (virus and plasmids)." https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn

NOT LINEAR. "These identity networks cannot be teased apart to define a single and linear logic as is currently accepted for individual fittest type selection." https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn

LAWLESS RABBIT HOLE. "We refer to the commitment to obligate, inherited symbiosis as the evolutionary “rabbit hole” of obligate symbiosis, implying a generally irreversible journey into a very odd world where the usual rules do not apply. Broadly, the symbiosis rabbit hole refers to the confluence of selection and neutral evolution in generating the extreme patterns of genomic evolution observed in symbiotic partners." https://lnkd.in/dcBwzRs View in LinkedIn

VIRAL SOCIAL MEDIA. "In contrast to traditional and linear thinking, all these features (group identity, addiction modules, regulatory complexity, network emergence, host–virus ecology, and host–host competition) are fundamentally interlinked and consortial. They are inherently network phenomena." https://lnkd.in/eWydwab View in LinkedIn

NEW THINKING. "This collective knowledge compels a paradigm shift—one in which maternal transmission of microbes advances from a taxonomically specialized phenomenon to a universal one in animals." https://lnkd.in/ds5gpCY View in LinkedIn

"THE STERILE WOMB PARADIGM is an enduring premise in biology that human infants are born sterile. Recent studies suggest that infants incorporate an initial microbiome before birth and receive copious supplementation of maternal microbes through birth and breastfeeding. Moreover, evidence for microbial maternal transmission is increasingly widespread across animals." https://lnkd.in/ds5gpCY View in LinkedIn

TRADING UP. "Numerous clear examples of an ancient obligate symbiont being joined or replaced by a newer one are evident, including several in the sap-feeding insects of suborder Auchenorrhyncha. A likely driver for adding a new symbiont is the degradation of functions in an ancient one: A new symbiont can replace or supplement functions that are lost or inefficient in the older partner." https://lnkd.in/dcBwzRs View in LinkedIn

ONE WAY STREET. "Once a host lineage has proceeded down the irreversible path into obligate symbiosis, it seems that there is little opportunity to exit. In a few cases, such as the leafhopper subfamily Typhlocybinae, symbionts may have been lost in connection with dietary shifts: e.g., phloem sap to parenchyma. More often, the only escape from degenerate partners seems to be to supplement or replace them with new symbionts." https://lnkd.in/dcBwzRs View in LinkedIn