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TREMENDOUS RESEARCH EFFORT. "In fact, by the time the dust had settled roughly 200 independent research teams — many in the upper tiers of science — conducted memory transfer experiments, using dozens of learning paradigms and 23 types of subjects including, in addition to the flatworm and standard lab rat, octopuses, praying mantes, baby chicks, kittens and honey bees." https://lnkd.in/esKEPF7 View in LinkedIn

CHIRALS IN BOXES. "The capsule remains achiral, but the remaining space is chiral, and coencapsulated molecules respond in an amplified way. We probe the various regions of the capsule with guests of different shape. Primary acetylenes, the narrowest of functional groups, can access the tapered ends of the capsule that exclude functions as small as methyl groups." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19603810 View in LinkedIn

DISCREDITED. "The alleged fact that no one was ever able to truly replicate the findings. Those who did report positive results, the story goes, were poor scientists who either conducted sloppy experiments that lacked proper controls or simply deceived themselves." https://lnkd.in/esKEPF7 View in LinkedIn

UNEXPECTED BOX VIRTUES. "We also relate how asymmetric spaces can be created inside the capsule by using a chiral guest. In contrast to the situation in dilute solution, where rapid exchange of solute partners and free molecular motion average out the steric and magnetic effects of chirality, the long lifetimes of the encounters in the capsules magnify the effects of an asymmetric environment." https://lnkd.in/dHEf56Q View in LinkedIn

"ACQUIRED MEMORIES that could survive the process of head regeneration were demonstrated by measuring a direct display of a conditioned response or a faster learning rate (‘savings’) among worm fragments generated from head and tail pieces of previously trained planarians." http://jeb.biologists.org/content/216/20/3799 View in LinkedIn

CONFINED REACTIONS. "Molecules isolated from bulk media in spaces barely large enough to accommodate them and a few neighbors show new phenomena: their activities resemble those of molecules inside biochemical structures--pockets of enzymes, interiors of chaperones, or the inner space of the ribosome--rather than conventional behavior in solution." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19603810 View in LinkedIn

CASE OF THE CHOPPED STARFISH. "In some ways, the new system is reminiscent of Goethe's poem, The Sorcerer's Apprentice, in which the apprentice smashes a magic mop with an axe, producing many exact replicas of the sweeper, all programmed to do the same job." https://lnkd.in/dF6far5 View in LinkedIn

CRYSTAL REPLICATION. "Tiny DNA tile crystals consisting of many copies of a piece of information are first grown, then broken into a few pieces by mechanically-induced scission, or force. The new crystal bits contain all the information needed to keep copying the sequence. Each piece then begins to replicate its information and grow until broken apart again—without the help of enzymes, an essential ingredient in biological sequence replication." https://lnkd.in/dF6far5 View in LinkedIn

ABIOTIC REPLICATION. "It shows that RNA molecules "could have carried out their replication in the total absence" of the more sophisticated biological machinery that life now possesses." https://www.wired.com/2009/01/replicatingrna/ View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR MUTANTS. "It turned out that while the scientist-designed enzymes were great at reproducing without competition, when you put them in the big soup mix, a new set of mutants emerged that were better at replicating within the system. It almost worked like an ecosystem, but with just straight chemistry." https://www.wired.com/2009/01/replicatingrna/ View in LinkedIn