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NOT SIMPLE. "The relationship between the phenotypic variation affecting fitness and the genotypic variation producing it is complex." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

INFORMATION GATEWAY. "The translation of genetic differences into phenotypic differences is central to biology." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

THE RUB. "Evolution is generally modeled as the conversion of genetic variation between individuals into genetic variation between populations. This situation is complicated, however, by the fact that natural selection acts on variation among phenotypes rather than genotypes." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

RANGE OF CONTACT-POINTS. "Our observations of organismal phenotypes also inspire science aimed at understanding their development, functions, evolution, and interactions with the environment." https://lnkd.in/dt3RBQi View in LinkedIn

KEY ANCHOR. "Phenotypes, i.e., observable traits above the molecular level, such as anatomy and behavior, underlie, and indeed drive, much of the research in the life sciences. For example, they remain the primary data we use to define most species and to understand their phylogenetic history. Phenotype data are also used to recognize, define, and diagnose pathological conditions in plants, animals, and other organisms. As such, these data represent much of what we know of life and are, in fact, necessary for building a comprehensive tree of life." https://lnkd.in/dt3RBQi View in LinkedIn

PHENOTYPE. "The concept of phenotype, which corresponds to the observable attributes of an individual, was coined in opposition to the genotype, the inherited material transmitted by gametes." https://lnkd.in/d3vzXnd View in LinkedIn

CONVERSION OF GENOTYPE TO PHENOTYPE. "As explained by François Jacob (1982), “It is during embryonic development that the instructions contained in the genetic program of an organism are expressed, that the genotype is converted into phenotype. It is mainly the requirements of embryonic development that, among all possible changes in phenotype, screen the actual phenotypes” https://lnkd.in/dwgyrT4 View in LinkedIn

AMALGAMATED VIEW. "A more realistic picture of genetic networks will emerge from combining the perspectives of molecular and developmental genetics with those of population and evolutionary genetics." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE contemplates the question of the relationship of genotype to phenotype; many of us consider this to be a direct relationship. But it turns out to be less clear. The view that genes are the all-powerful factors that determine phenotype has been shockingly undermined with new thinking in recent years, in ways unimaginable 50 years ago. Entwined into this have been semantic assumptions that confounded a clearer view: namely, that the parts alone cannot do much, but it is the contextual sum of the parts that make organisms what they are. White Swan: obvious with hindsight, perhaps. View in LinkedIn

NEW THINK. "An unavoidable reality of current genetic research is that even apparently critical components of important and highly conserved pathways, governing what are known to be essential processes, can be disrupted in some strain backgrounds with what seem to be minimal phenotypic consequences." https://lnkd.in/duMqB2A View in LinkedIn