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REGULATORY MUTATIONS. "Recent studies indicate that mutations in regulatory proteins may be more common than previously appreciated. Moreover, these changes can play a prominent role in regulatory network evolution by altering expression, molecular interactions and post-translational modifications of the regulator." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958166915000208 View in LinkedIn

SECTION AT PROMOTOR LEVEL. "Natural Selection Operates on Allelic Variation in Promoters. Promoter polymorphisms at numerous loci in humans have functional consequences that influence diverse aspects of physiology, behavior, anatomy, and life history." https://lnkd.in/dTi6Znf View in LinkedIn

LEAPS IN EVOLUTION. "Usually, mutations are deleterious, but the duplicated genes are not generally expressed and so do no harm with no selective pressure acting against them. Occasionally, however, a mutation can result in a potentially useful modification of the gene, which can then be activated and selected. This, it is argued, could create relatively rapidly new functions for genes and thus explain major leaps in evolution." https://lnkd.in/eNHFjJ8 View in LinkedIn

TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION. "Mutations in Transcriptional Regulation Influence Phenotype. Transcriptional regulation is an integral component of the way genotype is converted into phenotype." https://lnkd.in/dTi6Znf View in LinkedIn

FREQUENT DUPLICATION. "Major gene duplication events certainly occur frequently in plants and micro-organisms." https://lnkd.in/eNHFjJ8 View in LinkedIn

TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS (TF). "It is well known that several transcription factors have DNA binding domains belonging to large paralogous families, although the transcription factors can differ extensively in sequence. Hence, evolution through TFs appears to be a successful strategy for regulation of gene expression." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0958166915000208 View in LinkedIn

TWO GENE COPIES. "Historically, genome duplication was thought to be a mechanism of evolutionary change because it creates redundant copies of protein-encoding genes with impunity; these copies can have mutations, but the cell will continue to function as it retains an original version of the gene that was duplicated." https://lnkd.in/eNHFjJ8 View in LinkedIn

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MOLECULAR EVOLUTION. "The goal of this review is to bring transcriptional regulation into the mainstream of molecular evolution. We are concerned here with promoters (cis-regulatory sequences that influence transcription) and transcription factors (proteins that interact with these sequences)." A great read. https://lnkd.in/dTi6Znf View in LinkedIn

"TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION is a central component in the control of gene expression. Identification of functional cis-elements in promoter regions, a key to understanding gene regulation, has turned out to be a difficult task thus far." https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2007-8-10-r225 View in LinkedIn