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REGULATORY VARIATION. "TE-derived regulatory sequences may be particularly prone to contribute to regulatory differences among species that lead to lineage-specific phenotypes." (TE = transposable elements; miRNA = microRNA). http://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/1323 View in LinkedIn

ACCIDENTAL ROLE. "Later, these regulatory mechanisms could have been co-opted to exert controlling effects over thousands of host genes as is the case for miRNAs. The evolution of such complex gene regulatory systems can be considered nonadaptive in the sense that they did not evolve by virtue of selection for the role that they play now." (TE = transposable elements; miRNA = microRNA). http://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/1323 View in LinkedIn

DEFENSE MECHANISM. "siRNAs are also thought to have evolved as a defense mechanism against TEs, and the results reported here and elsewhere indicate that miRNAs can emerge from TEs as well." (TE = transposable elements; miRNA = microRNA; siRNA = small interfering RNAs). http://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/1323 View in LinkedIn

JUMPING GENES FROM MICRO-RNA. Transposable element (jumping genes) are “an important origin source of human miRNAs. MiRNAs can be brought into genomes during the insertion of TEs or generated by TE sequences via particular mechanisms in current genome." (TE = transposable elements; miRNA = microRNA). https://lnkd.in/d_68WC9 View in LinkedIn

MICRO-RNAs AND VERTEBRATES. "The emergence of vertebrates is characterized by a strong increase in miRNA families. MicroRNAs interact broadly with many transcripts, and the evolution of such a system is intriguing. Compared with protein coding genes, miRNA genes are more dynamic in terms of emergence and decay." (miRNA = microRNA). https://lnkd.in/dat5Xys View in LinkedIn

REGULATORY SEQUENCES. "Another class of regulatory RNAs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are known to be related to TEs. Interestingly, this has been pointed out as a distinction between miRNAs and siRNAs, which are closely related in terms of structure, function, and biogenesis." (TE = transposable elements; miRNA = microRNA). http://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/1323 View in LinkedIn

MOST RAPIDLY EVOLVING. "TEs are ubiquitous and abundant genomic sequences. Since TEs tend to be among the most rapidly evolving of all genomic sequences, they may also provide a mechanism for the emergence of lineage-specific miRNA genes that could exert diversifying regulatory effects. many studies have identified a variety ways in which TEs have been domesticated to provide functions to their hosts." (TE = transposable elements; miRNA = microRNA). http://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/1323 View in LinkedIn

A million bottles a minute: world's plastic binge 'as dangerous as climate change' https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/28/a-million-a-minute-worlds-plastic-bottle-binge-as-dangerous-as-climate-change?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

VIRAL JUMPING GENES to miRNAs. "Origin and Evolution of Human microRNAs From Transposable Elements. We found 55 experimentally characterized human miRNA genes that are derived from TEs, and these TE-derived miRNAs have the potential to regulate thousands of human genes. In addition to the known human miRNAs that we show to be derived from TE sequences, we predict an additional 85 novel TE-derived miRNA genes." (TE = transposable elements). http://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/1323 View in LinkedIn

DYNAMIC INPUT. "We know that epigenetic markings silence or increase the various outcomes of genetic information: a good example is the phenotype of brain organs and their synaptic neuronal networks. This means a single genotype may have several reading patterns which result in slightly different phenotypes." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn