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PREDICTION. "I very much see (it) as beginning a decade of epigenomics." http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/map-of-second-genetic-code-the-epigenome-is-unveiled/ View in LinkedIn

DNA --> mRNA --> PROTEIN DOGMA. "The central dogma of gene expression is that DNA is transcribed into messenger RNAs, which in turn serves as the template for protein synthesis. The discovery of extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) provide an important new perspective on the centrality of RNA in gene regulation." https://lnkd.in/dCi-e6y View in LinkedIn

EPIGENOME. "Map of Second Genetic Code, the "Epigenome," Is Unveiled. The human genome is the sequence of all the DNA on chromosomes. The DNA is identical in every cell, from neurons to hearts to skin. It falls to the epigenome to differentiate the cells: as a result of epigenetic marks, heart muscle cells do not make brain chemicals, for instance, and neurons do not make muscle fibers." https://lnkd.in/dwV7xjc View in LinkedIn

RNA CODE. "Scientists have deciphered a second genetic code that has eluded molecular biologists for two decades. The code directs one of several steps in the synthesis of proteins inside cells, the basic process of life. The second genetic code is the language of the instruction on the transfer RNA that specifies which amino acid will be attracted." https://lnkd.in/dAsTDdW View in LinkedIn

40 YEARS WITH HALF A WHEEL. "For over 40 years we have assumed that DNA changes affecting the genetic code solely impact how proteins are made…Now we know that this basic assumption about reading the human genome missed half of the picture." https://lnkd.in/dF_aARJ View in LinkedIn

TWO LANGUAGES. "Genomes use the genetic code to write two separate languages. One describes how proteins are made, and the other instructs the cell on how genes are controlled. One language is written on top of the other." https://lnkd.in/dF_aARJ View in LinkedIn

MOST COMMON FOLD ON PLANET. "Most proteins fold like this. By the sheer number of viruses that exist, people estimate this to be the most common fold of a protein on earth. It’s known as the HK97 fold. Viruses with the HK97 fold infect hosts throughout all kingdoms of life, suggesting it’s been around for billions of years." https://lnkd.in/d6j6P8g View in LinkedIn

STRUCTURAL COMMONALITY. "Structural comparison of the major subunits of viral capsids suggests common origins for viruses that infect hosts from different domains of life. One such viral structure-based lineage is the HK97-like group." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682215001920 View in LinkedIn

LIMITED VIRAL LINEAGES. "Viruses have a crucial role in controlling the evolution of cellular organisms owing to their high abundance and genetic diversity. However, cryoelectron microscopic and crystallographic studies have revealed that this genetic diversity may be reduced to a limited number of structure-based viral lineages." https://lnkd.in/dmGjENv View in LinkedIn

VIRAL PARASITES. "Every organism is constantly under the attack of viral infections because viruses outnumber cellular organisms by at least an order of magnitude. It has been estimated that viruses kill approximately one fifth of the marine biomass on a daily basis. Furthermore, viruses are the leading cause of infectious diseases." But the vast majority of viruses are benign. https://lnkd.in/dmGjENv View in LinkedIn