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KIN RECOGNITION. "The ability of many animals to recognize kin has allowed them to evolve diverse cooperative behaviours; such ability is less well studied for plants. Kin recognition and kin bias have long been assumed to be beyond the abilities of plants, although various pollen self-incompatibility mechanisms have been well accepted." https://lnkd.in/dsPadqZ View in LinkedIn

FISSION MECHANICS CONTINUED. "This machinery is positioned so that division splits the cytoplasm and does not damage DNA in the process. As division occurs, the cytoplasm is cleaved in two, and in many bacteria, new cell wall is synthesized. The order and timing of these processes (DNA replication, DNA segregation, division site selection, invagination of the cell envelope and synthesis of new cell wall) are tightly controlled." https://lnkd.in/eqsJf6Q View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE contemplates briefly the communication between green plants, as exemplified in their ability to discern family from strangers. But beyond simply knowing who is kin, they change the physical posture of their leaves, grow their roots differently, and adopt different competitive strategies when adjacent to kin. And, when a pollen grain lands on the female receptacle, they can discern genetic relatedness and choose to avoid inbreeding by rejecting the pollen. View in LinkedIn

FISSION MECHANICS. "Before binary fission occurs, the cell must copy its genetic material (DNA) and segregate these copies to opposite ends of the cell. Then the many types of proteins that comprise the cell division machinery assemble at the future division site. A key component of this machinery is the protein FtsZ. Protein monomers of FtsZ assemble into a ring-like structure at the center of a cell. Other components of the division apparatus then assemble at the FtsZ ring." https://lnkd.in/eqsJf6Q View in LinkedIn

REPRODUCTIVE FRAGMENTATION. "Simple animal species such as Asteroids, or starfish; ophiuroids, or brittlestars; and holothurians, or sea cucumbers, reproduce by way of fragmentation when splitting apart one body into two distinct separate pieces." https://lnkd.in/dSM8yGG View in LinkedIn

BEWARE FRAUDSTER: Ghalawanji Omar Ibrahim. View in LinkedIn

"FRAGMENTATION is the breaking of the body into two parts with subsequent regeneration. If the animal is capable of fragmentation, and the part is big enough, a separate individual will regrow. Many sea stars reproduce asexually by fragmentation. For example, if the arm of an individual sea star is broken off it will regenerate a new sea star. Fragmentation also occurs in annelid worms, turbellarians, and poriferans." https://lnkd.in/d_e3R-w View in LinkedIn

MANY VARIATIONS. "Bacteria must divide to increase in number and colonize their niche. Binary fission is the most widespread means of bacterial cell division, but even this relatively simple mechanism has many variations on a theme." https://lnkd.in/ekafuxD View in LinkedIn

REGULATION OF MULTIPLE FISSION. "We describe the different organizational types of multiple fission cell cycles, with distinct timing of DNA replication, nuclear, and cellular divisions, and discuss how they are regulated at physiological and molecular levels." https://lnkd.in/dDMwBQq View in LinkedIn

MANY DAUGHTERS. "Multiple fission, typical for some green algae, leads to division into more than two daughter cells (from 4 to 1024), in principle, 2n." https://lnkd.in/dDMwBQq View in LinkedIn