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SPECIALITY LIFESTYLE. "On the basis of their sequence similarities, we conclude that parthenogenesis bacteria and cytoplasmic incompatibility bacteria form a monophyletic group of microorganisms that 'specialize' in manipulating chromosome behaviour and reproduction of insects." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v361/n6407/abs/361066a0.html View in LinkedIn

REPRODUCTIVE INTERFERENCE. "Both incompatibility and parthenogenesis microorganisms alter host chromosome behaviour during early mitotic divisions of the egg. Incompatibility bacteria act by interfering with paternal chromosome incorporation in fertilized eggs, whereas parthenogenesis bacteria prevent segregation of chromosomes in unfertilized eggs. These traits are adaptive for the microorganisms." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v361/n6407/abs/361066a0.html View in LinkedIn

ONE CAUSE. "Cytoplasmically inherited microorganisms are widespread in insects and have been implicated as causes of female parthenogenesis (females developing from unfertilized eggs) and cytoplasmic incompatibility. Normal sexual reproduction can be restored by treatment with antibiotics." https://lnkd.in/gjrVa-U View in LinkedIn

PARTHENOGENESIS (Jesus birth) "is most simply defined as reproduction without fertilization. More specifically, it occurs when a female gamete develops a new individual without being fertilized by a male gamete. It is often called a form of "asexual reproduction," but it is more accurately defined as an incomplete form of sexual reproduction." https://lnkd.in/gaRTdQv View in LinkedIn

PARTHENOGENESIS "is a natural form of asexual reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. In animals, parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell and is a component process of apomixis." https://lnkd.in/g5zwmS2 View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION. "Manual root ball splitting, grafting and transplanting of smaller plant fragments from a large plant by humans can also be effective ways of using asexual fragmentation to propagate plant species." https://www.reference.com/science/organisms-can-reproduce-fragmentation-1ef1450618cbf65b View in LinkedIn

PLANT FRAGMENTATION. "Many plant species also use vegetative fragmentation to reproduce. Examples of plants that use vegetative fragmentation include liverworts from the genus Marchantia. Many plants such as raspberries, ferns, non-woody perennials and even the urban dandelion weed Taraxacum officinale utilize fragmentation for vegetative reproduction." https://www.reference.com/science/organisms-can-reproduce-fragmentation-1ef1450618cbf65b View in LinkedIn

FISSION FRAGMENTATION. "Prokaryotic organisms such as parasitic tapeworms, ribbon worms and flat worms, polyps forming the base of coral reefs and free-floating jellyfish use binary fission as a form of fragmentation." https://www.reference.com/science/organisms-can-reproduce-fragmentation-1ef1450618cbf65b View in LinkedIn

VIRGIN BIRTH OF MALES. "In contrast to humans, parthenogenetic production of sons is expected in species with other types of sex determination. For example, in birds, some reptiles and butterflies, females are the heterogametic sex: they carry two differentiated sex chromosomes (Z and W) while males are homogametic (ZZ)." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982215007824 View in LinkedIn

REGENERATIVE FRAGMENTATION. "Starfish also use regeneration of injured, torn appendages by fragmentation." https://www.reference.com/science/organisms-can-reproduce-fragmentation-1ef1450618cbf65b View in LinkedIn