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CHANGES IN TRAITS. "Plants recognize their kin and respond to growing with relatives with changes in functional traits." https://lnkd.in/ghemavh View in LinkedIn

LIGHT SIGNALS. "Plants recognized kin neighbours and horizontally reoriented leaf growth, a response not observed when plants were grown with nonkin. Plant kin recognition involved the perception of the vertical red/far-red light and blue light profiles. Light signals from neighbours are known to shape a more competitive plant body. Here we show that photosensory receptors mediate cooperative rather than competitive interactions among kin neighbours by reducing the competition for local pools of resources." https://lnkd.in/gA-pj6A View in LinkedIn

LEAF ORIENTATIONS. "When plants of Arabidopsis thaliana are cultivated in rows of coetaneous kin neighbours (plants of the same accession) the growth of their leaves is horizontally reoriented towards the empty spaces out of the row, increasing self-shading and reducing mutual shading among plants. This growth pattern is not observed among nonkin plants." https://lnkd.in/gD_46dv View in LinkedIn

CHEATING. "The stability of cooperative interactions among different species can be compromised by cheating. In the plant-mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis, a single mycorrhizal network may interact with many plants, providing the opportunity for individual plants to cheat by obtaining nutrients from the fungi without donating carbon. Here we determine whether kin selection may favour plant investment in the mycorrhizal network, reducing the incentive to cheat when relatives interact with a single network." https://lnkd.in/gAWcQQc View in LinkedIn

EXPECTED ELSEWHERE. "Having found kin discrimination once, we expect to find kin discrimination elsewhere in plants, since variable dispersal, variable competitive situations, and increases in fitness when competing with kin, are found in other plants. Other competitive traits, such as stem elongation and apical dominance, are the most probable candidates to exhibit plastic responses contingent on kinship of neighbours." https://lnkd.in/d7SNVuH View in LinkedIn

PROFOUND FINDING. "If kin discrimination via root–root interactions proves widespread, it will profoundly change how we view competition in plants. Our results, because we used maternal sibships, indicate a genetic or maternally derived mechanism for kin recognition involving root communication. However, the mechanism is probably different from the self/non-self mechanism, because plants recognize genetically identical individuals as non-self." http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/3/4/435.short View in LinkedIn

TERM CHIMAERAS. "Previous attempts to achieve development to term of aggregation chimaeras between parthenogenetic and fertilised embryos were apparently unsuccessful. We have introduced inner cell masses (ICMs) from diploid, parthenogenetic embryos into intact fertilised mouse blastocysts, and we report here the development of a chimaera to term." https://lnkd.in/gAXZaG6 View in LinkedIn

BIMATERNAL MAMMALS. "Birth of fertile bimaternal offspring following intracytoplasmic injection of parthenogenetic haploid embryonic stem cells. We thus establish a novel strategy of generating bimaternal mammals, which is valuable to uncover the function of genomic imprinting, and to improve assisted reproduction in diverse mammalian species." https://lnkd.in/gCT7Dcz View in LinkedIn

CHIMAERAS. "Teratocarcinoma cells and cells carrying known lethal alleles can develop into viable chimaeras when aggregated with cells from normal embryos." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v270/n5638/abs/270601a0.html View in LinkedIn

TWO GAMETES NEEDED. "Normal mammalian development requires participation of both maternal and paternal genomes because of the existence of genomic imprinting, whereas the gynogenetic and androgenetic embryos die shortly after implantation." https://lnkd.in/gCT7Dcz View in LinkedIn