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GAMETE MANIPULATION. "Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to ensure a diploid genome upon fertilization. Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells from several mammalian species but haploid human ES cells have yet to be reported." https://lnkd.in/gQeEBUz View in LinkedIn

HYBRID HAPLOID TREES. "In this study, we investigated the induction of haploid plants in ‘Hirado Buntan’ pummlo (Citrus grandis) through in-situ gynogenesis by pollination with irradiated pollens of trifoliate orange (255, 325 and 500 Gy) and ‘Tongshui 72-1 Jincheng’ sweet orange (255, 395 and 500 Gy)." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304423816302710 View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS. "Homozygous genotypes have great potential in breeding and genomic researches in higher plants. Induction of parthenogenesis via pollination with gamma-irradiated pollens is an efficient method to obtain haploid plants that can overcome the biological limitations of fruit trees." https://lnkd.in/g8XbsX2 View in LinkedIn

DOUBLE MOTHER MAMMALS. "Given the successful establishment of parthenogenetic haploid embryonic stem cells in the mouse, rat and monkey, we expect that our approach can also be applied in other mammalian species to produce bimaternal animals." https://lnkd.in/gCT7Dcz View in LinkedIn

TERM CHIMAERAS. "Previous attempts to achieve development to term of aggregation chimaeras between parthenogenetic and fertilised embryos were apparently unsuccessful. We have introduced inner cell masses (ICMs) from diploid, parthenogenetic embryos into intact fertilised mouse blastocysts, and we report here the development of a chimaera to term." https://lnkd.in/gAXZaG6 View in LinkedIn

BIMATERNAL MAMMALS. "Birth of fertile bimaternal offspring following intracytoplasmic injection of parthenogenetic haploid embryonic stem cells. We thus establish a novel strategy of generating bimaternal mammals, which is valuable to uncover the function of genomic imprinting, and to improve assisted reproduction in diverse mammalian species." https://lnkd.in/gCT7Dcz View in LinkedIn

CHIMAERAS. "Teratocarcinoma cells and cells carrying known lethal alleles can develop into viable chimaeras when aggregated with cells from normal embryos." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v270/n5638/abs/270601a0.html View in LinkedIn

TWO GAMETES NEEDED. "Normal mammalian development requires participation of both maternal and paternal genomes because of the existence of genomic imprinting, whereas the gynogenetic and androgenetic embryos die shortly after implantation." https://lnkd.in/gCT7Dcz View in LinkedIn

DIPLOID PARTHENOGENESIS. "Development to term of chimaeras between diploid parthenogenetic and fertilised embryos. Parthenogenic mouse embryos have the potential for extensive cellular proliferation as well as differentiation into various cell types. But this potential has been realised only when parthenogenetic embryos have been transferred to extrauterine sites, and in spontaneously occurring ovarian teratomas and teratocarcinomas of parthenogenetic origin." https://lnkd.in/gAXZaG6 View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATIVE GAMETES. "Recently, we and others have derived mammalian androgenetic and parthenogenetic haploid embryonic stem cells (ahESCs and phESCs), and showed that ahESCs can replace gametes to produce offspring, which provided alternative resources for reproduction." https://lnkd.in/gCT7Dcz View in LinkedIn