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TWO PHASES. “Most differentiation events in higher plants occur continuously in the postembryonic phase of the life cycle. Embryogenesis in plants, therefore, is concerned primarily with establishing the basic shoot-root body pattern of the plant and accumulating food reserves that will be used by the germinating seedling after a period of embryonic dormancy within the seed.” https://lnkd.in/g_k-4-g View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED. “Regardless of the appearance of the adult plant, the shoot meristem is organized essentially the same way in different plant species.” http://ac.els-cdn.com/0092867495900659/1-s2.0-0092867495900659-main.pdf?_tid=4d4ebb00-9318-11e7-86e1-00000aacb362&acdnat=1504712004_432302d5e397300b77a7d0a78440aca5 View in LinkedIn

PLANT “EMBRYOGENESIS in essence organizes two groups of stem cells at the opposite ends of the body axis, the primary meristems of the shoot and the root. These meristems then add new structures to the seedling, thus generating the species-specific adult form during postembryonic development.” http://ac.els-cdn.com/0092867495900659/1-s2.0-0092867495900659-main.pdf?_tid=4d4ebb00-9318-11e7-86e1-00000aacb362&acdnat=1504712004_432302d5e397300b77a7d0a78440aca5 View in LinkedIn

EMBRYOGENESIS DIFFERENCES. “Pattern formation in animals is largely confined to embryogenesis such that the future adult form is represented in the body organization of the mature embryo. By contrast, plant embryogenesis produces a juvenile form, the seedling, that lacks most structures of the adult plant.” http://ac.els-cdn.com/0092867495900659/1-s2.0-0092867495900659-main.pdf?_tid=4d4ebb00-9318-11e7-86e1-00000aacb362&acdnat=1504712004_432302d5e397300b77a7d0a78440aca5 View in LinkedIn

COMMON NEED FOR BODY PLAN. “These special features notwithstanding, plants do develop from a fertilized egg cell, the zygote, during the normal course of their life cycle, and, like animals, have to establish the characteristic body organization of the multicellular adult form.” http://ac.els-cdn.com/0092867495900659/1-s2.0-0092867495900659-main.pdf?_tid=4d4ebb00-9318-11e7-86e1-00000aacb362&acdnat=1504712004_432302d5e397300b77a7d0a78440aca5 View in LinkedIn

UNLIMITED GENERATION. “It is true that the regenerative potential of plants, which is indeed impressive, sets them apart from the more familiar animal models: individual cells can give rise to embryos in culture; localized groups of stem cells called meristems make the adult plant in a seemingly autonomous fashion not only during normal development, but also from regeneration from lumps of undifferentiated cells in culture.” https://lnkd.in/gHns7zY View in LinkedIn

“POSTEMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT of the animal consists of the enlargement of the body” not of growing new body parts unlike plants. https://lnkd.in/gwMHxei View in LinkedIn

INTERFACE. “Plant cells are highly resistant to oncogenic transformation. This review discusses the role that cell-cycle regulators may have at the interface between cell division and differentiation, and in the context of the high plasticity of plant cells.” https://lnkd.in/g8-4Y_M View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this first weekend on the differences between plants and animals. Plants are completely different from animals, in structure, development, reproduction, and evolution. It could be argued that it is surprising that these two kingdoms mesh together so well, having so few similarities. But plants essentially form the first complex molecules from sunlight that fuel most of the other creatures on earth. View in LinkedIn

ORGAN GROWTH IN PLANTS. “In contrast to animals, organogenesis in plants is a postembryonic and continuous process. Differentiated plant cells can revert to a pluripotent state, proliferate and transdifferentiate. This unique potential is strikingly illustrated by the ability of certain cells to produce a mass of undifferentiated cells or a fully totipotent embryo, which can regenerate mature plants.” https://lnkd.in/g8-4Y_M View in LinkedIn