Category: Uncategorized

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE meditates on the significant shift from the concept of pathogen to that of the pathobiome. This is not just a conceptual issue, but has many practical implications. It is in line with a change in thinking from the “war on germs” to the idea that we are composed of an interacting community of microbes, the microbiome, and that health is related to the balance of the helpful microbes versus the pathological microbes, rather than an antibiotic-fueled scorched-earth policy that kills all of these players. View in LinkedIn

Astronomers find half of the missing matter in the universe https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/12/astronomers-find-half-of-the-missing-matter-in-the-universe?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

REPETITIVE DNA. "Given that the stickleback and papaya male-specific regions have accumulated repetitive DNA, they may have been isolated from recombination with X-linked homologues for quite long times. Divergence data for synonymous sites within coding sequences should help to estimate the time scales." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

YOUNG SEX CHROMOSOMES. "In recently evolved sex chromosomes, degeneration is probably much slower than in neo-Y chromosomes. There is less opportunity for selection to cause reduced effective population sizes of Y- or W-specific genes, since only loci within the sex-specific region are probably relevant." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

GUT MICROBIOME EXAMPLE. “For instance, as recently reviewed, the role of the gut microflora community is becoming increasingly recognized as a key factor in the onset of inflammatory diseases.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

REDUCED EXPRESSION. "It is possible that a build-up of transposable elements on a proto-Y or neo-Y could reduce gene expression on these chromosomes, through chromatin modification due to dsRNA interference, which is known to be associated with the presence of transposable elements." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

NEW PARADIGM NEEDED. “The transition to a broader pathobiome perspective involves revisiting the Koch and Hill's postulates at the level of microbial communities, and raises the question of the nature and diversity of the microbiota present in a healthy individual, and of factors promoting the emergence of potentially disease-causing pathobiomes.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

"GENETIC DEGENERATION may be partly driven by this accumulation, or may occur independently later on. In the D. miranda neo-Y, transposable elements appear to be inserted either into introns or intergenic sequences, and hence do not directly disrupt gene function (although one insertion causes downregulation of a gene." https://lnkd.in/gCh5RAX View in LinkedIn

OLDER LIMITED THINKING. “A large number of studies have been dedicated to understanding how a single pathogen interacts with its host, without taking into account the role of the overall microbial environment.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

"GENETIC DEGENERATION may be partly driven by this accumulation, or may occur independently later on. In the D. miranda neo-Y, transposable elements appear to be inserted either into introns or intergenic sequences, and hence do not directly disrupt gene function (although one insertion causes downregulation of a gene." https://lnkd.in/gCh5RAX View in LinkedIn