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SEX CHROMOSOME DIVERSITY. "We identify over a dozen different sex chromosome configurations, and the small dot chromosome is repeatedly used as the sex chromosome, which presumably reflects the ancestral karyotype of higher Diptera." (Winged insects). https://lnkd.in/dX2rADH View in LinkedIn

MISSING THE DYNAMIC PICTURE. “Because metagenomic DNA-based analyses cannot differentiate between expressed and non-expressed genes, these approaches fail to reflect the actual activity or dynamics of microbial communities.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

FORK IN THE ROAD. "Sex chromosomes that show low levels of differentiation are generally considered to be evolutionarily young and only at the initial stages of this path; given time, they too are expected to differentiate." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

FROM SOIL TO CLINIC. “The most recent evidence for the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between the environment and the clinic is provided by Forsberg et al. (2012). Using an innovating metagenomic approach, the authors identified DNA sequences in cultured multi-drug-resistant soil Proteobacteria which had 100% identity to resistance genes found in clinical pathogens, including resistance against β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

HETEROMORPHIC IDENTITY. "Restriction of recombination across the entire length of the sex chromosomes and continuous gene decay on the Y results in heteromorphism between the X and Y (or Z and W)." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSMISSION. “The spreading of antibiotic resistance genes is another example of the vital importance of the microbial context, as pathogens may be able to acquire resistance phenotypes from environmental reservoirs.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

DIVERGENCE OF THE SEXES. "Loss of recombination between the sex chromosomes allows the proto-X and proto-Y (or proto-Z and proto-W) to evolve independently, and also sets the stage for the population processes causing degeneration of the nonrecombining sex chromosome." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

THE MELIEU MATTERS. “Similarly, the microbiota contribution toward promoting infection and spread of enteric viruses is receiving more attention. In the future, understanding the interaction of the microbiota with pathogens (=pathobiome) and the host might provide new insights into the pathogenesis, as well as novel avenues for preventing and treating intestinal and systemic disorders.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

David Attenborough urges action on plastics after filming Blue Planet II https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/oct/15/david-attenborough-urges-immediate-action-on-plastics-blue-planet?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

SEX BIAS. "If a sexually antagonistic mutation arises in the population on the recombining, nondifferentiated part of a protosex chromosome, selection for increased linkage of the sexually antagonistic allele to the sex determination locus can cause this mutation to be transmitted more often through the sex it benefits." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn