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CROSSING EXAMPLE. “S. aureus transmission from human to bovine hosts was thought to have occurred ~5500 years ago, during the Neolithic revolution and the expansion of agriculture throughout the Old World.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

"DIOECIOUS PLANTS have male (staminate) flowers on one plant, and female (pistillate) flowers on another plant. Some of these plants are polygamo-dioecious, with some male flowers on female plants and some female flowers on male plants." https://lnkd.in/g9GqmRH View in LinkedIn

CROSSING THE SPECIES BARRIER. “Comparative genomics clearly links genomic- and phenotypic-characteristics with host adaptation, and reveals that major animal-associated clones most likely emerged after a human-to-animal host jump, followed by subsequent adaptive evolution.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

"MOST PLANTS have bisexual flowers with functional male and female flowers. Some are self sterile, requiring pollination from another plant to produce seed." https://lnkd.in/g9GqmRH View in LinkedIn

BIOCONTAMINATION. “The numbers of situations in which introduced domesticated plants/animals come into contact for the first time with indigenous viruses or bacteria from native plants/animals, have dramatically increased alongside the intensification of human activities.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

UNNATURAL SELECTION. “Displacement of natural plant and animal species by intensive agriculture or anarchic urban developments, including disturbances associated with unmanaged sewage, pollutants and/or radioactivity, are all important subsets of those intrusions that represent fundamental disturbances in the diversity and in the evolutionary dynamics of viral and bacterial communities inhabiting natural ecosystems.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

HEISENBERG LIVES ON. “The emergence of socially/economically relevant diseases is likely to be frequently linked with ecological disturbances caused by human intrusions into natural ecosystems.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

MULTILAYERED CAKE. “A major challenge in pathobiome research will thus be to develop and apply concepts and approaches of microbial ecology and evolutionary biology to pathogens and the microbial communities in which they exist. A peculiarity of pathobiomes is that they involve multiple complex interactions within microbial communities, the host and the environment, and are subject to strong selection pressures that sometimes lead to extreme adaptations (e.g., species which have recently become intracellular parasites).” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

“THE ARCHITECTURE of communities, which dictates the phylogenetic proximity of microbes, affects the probability of gene exchanges. A trait can thus sweep through a microbial community under appropriate selection pressure, resulting in strong functional implications, such as pathogenicity or the capacity to infect different host species as has been recently shown for Bartonella spp.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

SWAPPING GENES. “Bacterial species can exchange large regions of DNA potentially linked to pathogenicity as exemplified with Edwardsiella tarda, an enterobacterium causing fatal disease in fish.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn