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HEISENBERG LIVES ON. “The emergence of socially/economically relevant diseases is likely to be frequently linked with ecological disturbances caused by human intrusions into natural ecosystems.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

MULTILAYERED CAKE. “A major challenge in pathobiome research will thus be to develop and apply concepts and approaches of microbial ecology and evolutionary biology to pathogens and the microbial communities in which they exist. A peculiarity of pathobiomes is that they involve multiple complex interactions within microbial communities, the host and the environment, and are subject to strong selection pressures that sometimes lead to extreme adaptations (e.g., species which have recently become intracellular parasites).” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

“THE ARCHITECTURE of communities, which dictates the phylogenetic proximity of microbes, affects the probability of gene exchanges. A trait can thus sweep through a microbial community under appropriate selection pressure, resulting in strong functional implications, such as pathogenicity or the capacity to infect different host species as has been recently shown for Bartonella spp.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

SWAPPING GENES. “Bacterial species can exchange large regions of DNA potentially linked to pathogenicity as exemplified with Edwardsiella tarda, an enterobacterium causing fatal disease in fish.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

HORIZONTAL DIVERSIFICATION. “These processes shape the genetic composition of bacterial communities as well as their functional properties. The transfer of genetic information between species is a central and original mechanism of generating genetic diversity in microbial communities.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

POPULATION HYBRIDS. “In addition, natural selection and genetic drift act by maintaining, increasing, or decreasing the frequency of these new genetic variants within populations.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

AVOIDING INBREEDING. "The evolution of unisexual systems has often been related to the fact that outcrossing avoids the consequences of inbreeding depression." https://lnkd.in/g_fheyF View in LinkedIn

NEW PATHOGEN CONCEPT. “New sequencing technologies have shifted the study focus from the organism to the community of pathogens and other microbes within their environment. Such an expanded point of view results in a paradigm shift, in that the “pathogen” is no longer understood to be a single isolated organism.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL SELECTION. Darwin "proposed that sexual selection resulting from variation among individuals in mating success could explain the evolution of sexual dimorphism, and distinguished two fundamentally different types: intrasexual competition among individuals of one sex for mates, and intersexual selection or ‘mate choice’ resulting from the preferences of one sex for traits of the other." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

HYBRID SYMBIONTS. “These interactions may ultimately lead to the occurrence of new, more virulent variants, or even to the emergence of new diseases due to the combination of synergistic/antagonist phenomena between different pathogens and non-pathogens (fungal, bacterial, or viral) in mixed or reconstructed communities.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn