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SEX DETERMINATION. "Epigenetic control and hormonal influence of sex determination were elucidated in both plants and animals." https://lnkd.in/g9AcjQt View in LinkedIn

MAJOR CHANGE. "Sex determination is a major switch in the evolutionary history of angiosperms. Sex chromosomes reinforce dioecy and increase genetic diversity." https://lnkd.in/g9AcjQt View in LinkedIn

PREVALENT. "Sexual dimorphism is prevalent among dioecious species." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

DESPITE THE RISKS. "Separating sexual function between different individuals carries risks, especially for sedentary organisms. Nevertheless, many land plants have unisexual gametophytes or sporophytes." https://lnkd.in/griFcgZ View in LinkedIn

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES. "Ecological selection as the cause and sexual differentiation as the consequence of species divergence?" https://lnkd.in/ggrcHvH View in LinkedIn

UNISEXUALITY IN PLANTS. "Unisexual plant species and their mixed forms appear to be distributed throughout the flowering plant families (around three quarters of families include dioecious species) suggesting independent evolutionary events. However, the incidence of unisexuality is not evenly spread throughout the plant kingdom." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL SELECTION. "The role of sexual selection in speciation with gene flow, however, is less clear; some studies suggest it can drive the speciation process, while others suggest it can inhibit it, under different conditions." https://lnkd.in/g9StYjV View in LinkedIn

OVERLOOKED. "Darwin (1871) largely neglected the possibility that sexual selection might also operate in plants. This may have been because of their non-sentient habit, primarily hermaphroditic sexual condition, and less conspicuous sexual dimorphism in dioecious species." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

GENE FLOW AND SPECIATION. "Speciation in the presence of gene flow, in sexual species, can be driven by two general processes: (i) nonrandom mating that results in assortative mating, the mating of like with like, which reduces gene flow between groups, and (ii) divergent selection, which favors extremes in a population and thus can lead to a splitting of the species." https://lnkd.in/g9StYjV View in LinkedIn

DIOECIOUS TRAITS. "Recent large-scale molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm some of the correlations between dioecy and ecological traits and highlight the diversification of dioecious lineages associated with ecological features" such as woodiness, climber habit, and fleshy fruits. https://lnkd.in/g_fheyF View in LinkedIn