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NATURAL AND SEXUAL SELECTION. "Such divergence is facilitated by both natural and sexual selection. Indeed, these are the primary evolutionary processes responsible for the evolution and maintenance of sexual dimorphism, and although non-adaptive processes including drift and mutation can affect genetic variability in sexual dimorphism, they cannot by themselves explain its persistence." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

NO BARRIER. "Sexual dimorphism can still evolve when such trade-offs exist, and this can involve sex-limited gene expression and the breakdown of strong intersexual genetic correlations.Such divergence is facilitated by both natural and sexual selection." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

CONSTRAINTS. "When the sexes have different optimal values for such traits, a shared genetic architecture can constrain them from evolving toward their respective trait optima." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. "Speciation is inhibited when the genetic basis of male and female ecological traits allows the sexes to diverge substantially. This is because sexual dimorphism, which can evolve quickly, can eliminate the frequency-dependent disruptive selection that would have provided the impetus for speciation." https://lnkd.in/gkBNC3c View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this first weekend focused on the European Black Death. Beyond the biology of the selective pressure such a plague has on strengthening a population by winnowing out the weak, one impressive aspect of this particular bacteria is the cultural impact. The church weakened, the labor class strengthened, medicine took an uptick, art was no longer simply religious, and food was more available because there were less mouths to feed. One bacteria changed society forever. View in LinkedIn

“FEAR OF INFECTION led many people to isolate themselves from others, thereby further contributing to social chaos and individual anxiety and depression. The fear for one's own life and the lives of loved ones was rational and perhaps useful under the circumstances. Rational fear, however, often became transformed into panic, and at times panic led to rage and the adoption of bizarre practices. Some extremists became flagellants, whipping their bodies bloody as they marched from town to town, proclaiming that the plague was a well-deserved punishment from God.” https://lnkd.in/giSpPWR View in LinkedIn

OUTCROSSING MECHANISMS. "The mechanisms in plants which promote outcrossing include the temporal separation of the maturation of the male and female organs within an otherwise perfect flower (dichogamy); self-incompatibility mechanisms, both sporophytic and gametophytic, where there is genetic control over the possible fertilization events, and dioecy, the spatial separation of the sexual organs on separate plants." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

FLOWER PATTERNS. "In plants, flower pattern has been modified in a number of ways such that sexual reproduction involving outcrossing, and the consequent flow of genetic variation derived from mutation, is favoured (Darwin, 1876)." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

NICHE ALTERATION DATA. "By growing plants of M. annus in soil previously occupied by females or males, Sánchez-Vilas and Pannell (2010) found that plants grown in soil in which females had previously grown were significantly smaller in terms of total biomass than those grown in soil previously occupied by males." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

NICHE ALTERATION. "The possibility that the sexes modify their ecological niches had not been considered in any detail until recently, especially with regard to future offspring performance." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn