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NASA 20 year time-lapse of planet earth. https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/the-changing-colors-of-our-living-planet View in LinkedIn

MULTIPLE EVENTS. Dioecy "is reported in close to half of all angiosperm families and may have originated on at least 100 occasions from hermaphroditic ancestors." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

LESS THAN ONE PERCENT. “Due to sampling and cultivation challenges, genome-level viral diversity remains poorly described and grossly understudied in nature such that

GIANT GENETIC RESERVOIR. “Every second, approximately 10(23) viral infections occur in the ocean. These infections are a major source of mortality, and cause disease in a range of organisms, from shrimp to whales. As a result, viruses influence the composition of marine communities and are a major force behind biogeochemical cycles.“ https://lnkd.in/gPgnbG9 View in LinkedIn

BRAND NEW CHAPTER. “Although fifteen years have passed since the first viral metagenome was sequenced from an ocean sample, the experimental and bioinformatic methods used for viral metagenomics have not reached a consensus.” Oceans have been found to be stuffed with viruses. https://lnkd.in/g35Hmrp View in LinkedIn

DAMNED BY VAIN PRAISE. “The advent of metagenomics using high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized not only the rate of virus discovery, but also the nature of the discoveries. For example, the viral ecology and etiology of many human diseases are being characterized, non-pathogenic viral commensals are ubiquitous, and the description of environmental viromes is making progress.” https://lnkd.in/g35Hmrp View in LinkedIn

FORGET SPECIES. “Quasispecies theory has encouraged viewing and examining viruses as complex mutant spectra, and not merely as simple genetic entities that can be described with a defined nucleotide sequence, as believed only a few decades ago.” https://lnkd.in/gDaeFeM View in LinkedIn

SUPERORGANISM. “A realization of recent years is that mutant swarms are not mere collections of mutants ranked by a mutation-selection balance that act independently of each other. Rather, very often the mutant ensemble acts as a unit of selection due to interactions among its members. The result of these interactions is that evolution operates at the level of the population, a process often called ‘group selection”.” https://lnkd.in/gDaeFeM View in LinkedIn

NUMEROUS FOCI. “Mutant swarms are established within single infected cells and cell clusters and in infected organisms during disease episodes, outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics.” https://lnkd.in/gDaeFeM View in LinkedIn

GIANT POPULATIONS. "An important aspect of the quasispecies concept is that the large size of virus populations enables positive and negative interactions between individual viruses to establish a quasi-equilibrium of the variant proportions. Genetic variation is generated by the accumulation of mutations during replication and their re-arrangement by genetic recombination, and genome segment reassortment in the case of segmented genomes." https://lnkd.in/dC3CR5F View in LinkedIn