Category: Uncategorized

CLASSIFICATION. "Males are categorized either as primary, where embryos develop as males, or secondary, where an adult hermaphrodite transitions to male. Outcrossing can occur between males and hermaphrodites, but never between hermaphrodites." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

FREQUENCY. "In most cases of sex change, individuals transition once in their lifetime either from male to female (e.g. protandry) or from female to male (e.g. protogyny), but there are exceptions (e.g. ‘repetitive sex change’)." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

ECONOMICALLY DRIVEN. "To maximize reproductive success and reduce the costs of reproduction, a number of animal species have evolved a flexible sexual strategy, functional sex change, which is the morphological, physiological, neural and behavioral transition from one sex to the other." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

DIFFERENTIAL COSTS. "The trade-off between reproduction and survival is mediated, in part, by the costs (e.g. energetic, oxidative stress, behavioral) that individuals pay to reproduce. These costs are not equal among individuals and can vary significantly between sexes." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

FEMALE COSTS. "It is well established that maintaining ovarian tissue is energetically expensive whereas maintaining testicular tissue is relatively inexpensive. Maintaining ovarian tissue has negative impacts on individual survival, growth, immunocompetence and future reproductive efforts." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

FITNESS COST. "Sex change is theorized to have evolved as a strategy for coping with sex-specific costs of reproduction. Selection should favor transitioning between sexes when fitness payoffs of the current sex are outweighed by the fitness payoffs of the opposite sex." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

SHIFTING MIRAGE. “One is therefore left to conclude that the most important features of biological information (i.e. functionality) are decisively non-local, subject to informational control and feedback, so that the dynamical rules will generally change with time in a manner that is both a function of the current state and the history of the organism (suggesting perhaps that even the concept of evolution itself may be in need of revision.” https://lnkd.in/ewsT9EQ View in LinkedIn

“THE HEART OF THE ISSUE is that we do not know whether the living state is ‘just’ very complex chemistry, or whether there is something fundamentally distinct about living matter.” https://lnkd.in/ewsT9EQ View in LinkedIn

DATA NOT ENOUGH. “A priori, it is not possible to determine which will be functional in a cell based on local structure and sequence information alone.” https://lnkd.in/ewsT9EQ View in LinkedIn

VERY UNIQUE. “The chemist George Whitesides, for example, has stated, ‘How remarkable is life? The answer is: very. Those of us who deal in networks of chemical reactions know of nothing like it’.” https://lnkd.in/ewsT9EQ View in LinkedIn