Category: Uncategorized

OUR OWN MILKY WAY GALAXY has 300 billion stars in it. https://lnkd.in/eWJ7vAG View in LinkedIn

PURPOSE OF LIFE. “Biology, as it is presently taught, answers that the purpose is to produce the next generation...There is nothing except continuity, no purpose except continued existence, now or in the future.” (Professor Sir Fred Hoyle, who coined the term the Big Bang). https://lnkd.in/egyjqhU View in LinkedIn

THE IMMENSE UNIVERSE, in which planet earth is so insignificant as to be unmentionable. https://youtu.be/WtWwV4DF_Ow View in LinkedIn

GENE CONVERSION. "During meiosis, crossover recombination results from the pairing of homologous chromosomes and the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), followed by synapsis, a process in which homologues become tightly paired along their length involving a protein structure known as the synaptonemal complex. DSBs are then repaired as either crossovers (hereafter ‘COs’), resulting in the exchange of large chromatid segments, or gene-conversion events." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

SCENARIO 2b. "In a variant of this scenario, early syngamy evolved as a result of ‘manipulation’ by selfish elements (plasmids, transposons) to promote their horizontal transmission." WOW. https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

SCENARIO 2. "Proto-meiosis evolved in response to the fusion of two haploid cells (“syngamy”), as in standard modern eukaryotic sexual life cycles. Syngamy may have been favoured because it allows recessive deleterious mutations to be masked in diploids." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

SCENARIO 1. "Diploidy accidentally occurred by replication of the nuclear genome without subsequent cell division (“endoreplication”), and that returning to haploidy was selected for to correct this. Because either haploidy or higher ploidy levels may be favoured in different ecological situations, a variant of this scenario is that a proto-meiosis–endoreplication cycle evolved to switch between ploidy levels." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

EARLY EVENT. "A form of reductional cell division (a.k.a ‘proto-meiosis’) probably evolved in early asexual unicellular eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

SINGLE EVOLUTIONARY EVENT. "Meiosis is one of the ‘major innovations’ of eukaryotic life that evolved before their subsequent radiation over one billion years ago. Extant eukaryotes share a set of genes specifically associated with meiosis, implying that meiosis evolved only once before their last common ancestor." (Brilliant review). http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

EVOLUTION OF MEIOSIS. "The origin of meiosis through gradual steps is among the most intriguing evolutionary enigmas." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn