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VIVIPARITY (live bearers) is where the embryos develop within the mother's body, in the placenta, and give live births. This includes most mammals, some lizards and snakes (vipers), some frogs, and some fish (sharks, guppies). https://lnkd.in/eu6sYW4 View in LinkedIn

OVIPARITY is where the hard or soft shelled eggs grow protected within the mother, and is characteristic of all birds. Only a few mammals are oviparous, including the spiny anteater and duck-billed platypus. Most reptiles (cobra, crocodile and turtles) are oviparous, and all amphibians (frogs, toads), and most fish. https://lnkd.in/eu6sYW4 View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL PLUS ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: brittle star, meadow garlic, spiny water fleas. https://lnkd.in/eu6sYW4 View in LinkedIn

SLOW REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES are used by elephants, whales and humans to slowly rear and protect just a few offspring with high survivorship. Typically, organisms using this strategy are large, live long and sexually mature slowly. https://lnkd.in/eu6sYW4 View in LinkedIn

PRINCIPLE 7. “There are no programs at any other level.” https://lnkd.in/eBKWC7d View in LinkedIn

Farmland could be turned into meadows post-Brexit, says Michael Gove https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jan/04/farmland-could-be-turned-into-meadows-post-brexit-says-michael-gove?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

PRINCIPLE 6. “There is no genetic program.” https://lnkd.in/eBKWC7d View in LinkedIn

ASYMMETRICAL MEIOSIS. "The selective scenarios underlying the evolution of meiotic asymmetry are unresolved. In some cases, such as in ciliates, there is no requirement for four meiotic products, as sex occurs by the cytoplasmic exchange of haploid micronuclei (“conjugation”)." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

PRINCIPLE 5. “Gene ontology will fail without higher-level " "insight.” https://lnkd.in/eBKWC7d View in LinkedIn

ASYMMETRY. "Asymmetrical meiosis, on the other hand, has evolved multiple times, and occurs in female meiosis in animals, seed plants and some ciliates." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn