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UNLIKELY HORIZONTAL INHERITANCE. “Similarly, lineages that adapt to an ecological niche that decreases horizontal gene transfer will become isolated from their surrounding lineages and will be recovered as deeply branching clades in most molecular phylogenies.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

TWO PROKARYOTIC PROCESSES. “Evolution in these contexts illustrates how both mutational and recombinatorial processes can play important roles in adaptive evolution. Homologous recombination of large fragments of DNA may also be impeded by barriers imposed by restriction endonucleases.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

LIKELY HORIZONTAL INHERITANCE. “Here, recognized taxonomic categories would be created exclusively through likelihood of horizontal gene transfer.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

NONRANDOM GENE SHARING. “If partners were chosen nonrandomly, then patterns deduced from molecular phylogenies will reflect propensities for gene transfer rather than vertical inheritance. Ironically, such preferential gene exchange could create many of the very same patterns of similarity and difference we usually attribute to vertical inheritance.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

RANDOM GENE SHARING. “The radical construction of horizontal gene transfer envisions high rates of gene transfer even between divergent organisms. If partners for transfer were randomly chosen among different taxa, then no congruent topologies should emerge from different molecular phylogenies.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

CONSERVATIVE ASSUMPTION. “Genes transferred between more divergent species would be easily detected as conflicts with this consensus. (If reality is close to this model, dominated by vertical inheritance, then interdomain and interphylum horizontal gene transfer events promise to provide an excellent means of correlating evolutionary events in the different parts of the tree of life. For example, the origin of the cyanobacteria must predate the acquisition of chloroplast by early eukaryotes.).” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

CONSERVATIVE VIEW: “most transfers take place between closely related organisms, and the transfer rate between divergent organisms is low. In this case, most molecular phylogenies will agree in their overall topology. Lineages might be “fuzzy lines”, but the larger evolutionary pattern would be reflected in the majority consensus.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

RADICAL NEW THINKING. “Gene-content phylogenies might be more properly viewed as taxonomies or phenetic classifications, while the equation of organismal phylogeny with the genealogy of only a small fraction of any organism's genes is, at least, a radical departure from traditional practice.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

NON-STATIC NICHES. “For example, we can measure how an organism improves in fitness when grown for thousands of generations under glucose-limited conditions; here the environment and the evolutionary challenges seem clearly defined. However, even bacteria confined to chemostats can subvert our plans for them, inventing new niches instead of refining methods for exploiting those we had defined.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn

“TRADITIONAL MODELS of microbial evolution by mutational processes, combined with the measurement of environmental tolerances in laboratory environments, imparts a view of ecological niches as relatively static domains, within which organisms evolve predictably toward maximal fitness.” https://lnkd.in/djKBnru View in LinkedIn