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MICROBIOME STUDIES. “While we are accumulating large metagenomic datasets and cataloguing bacterial genomes that make up the different parts of the human microbiome in normal and diseased individuals, it is still very difficult to connect the presence or change in frequency of specific bacterial species with the associated phenotypes.” https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-8-S2-S1 View in LinkedIn

DRUGS AND GENES. “The new field of pharmacogenomics seeks to understand the interactions between drugs and individuals' genotype. For example about 14% of the population carry the *2 allele of the cytochrome P450 CYP2C19 that prevents the proper processing of the anti-clotting drug clopidogrel (Plavix) and thus renders the drug ineffective.” https://bmcsystbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-0509-8-S2-S1 View in LinkedIn

A MATTER OF SCALE. "Humans as individuals are mortal but humans as a population are immortal. That concept applies equally well to all animals and most plants. We frequently see it stated that bacteria and protozoa are immortal. That is not so. Like human populations, unicellular populations are immortal and like individual humans unicellular organisms are mortal." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

FREQUENTLY IGNORED. "The immortality of a population depends upon a periodic exchange or rearrangement of genetic information. The immortality of individual organisms or cells, however, depends on demonstrating that exchange of genetic information has not occurred. That seems self evident but it is frequently ignored." https://lnkd.in/dQ_65Wv View in LinkedIn

INDIVIDUALS VS. POPULATIONS. "There are two kinds of immortality that are frequently confused or misunderstood. The two are immortality of individuals and immortality of populations." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

GRAND SLAM. "It's my belief that if one would substitute the word "interesting" for the word transformation in the world's biological literature today, nothing substantive would be lost." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

CELL TRANSFORMATION into a tumor cell. "Our definitions were not universally accepted nor has anyone else been able to bring order out of the current terminological chaos, including heroic efforts by several nomenclature committees established by the Tissue Culture Association. Because of this, today, the scientific literature in this field is virtually unintelligible." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

TRANSFORMATION of normal cells into cancer cells is a critical step towards cellular immortality. View in LinkedIn

Single-use plastics could be banned in England next year https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/18/single-use-plastics-could-be-banned-in-england-next-year?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

SERIAL CULTURE AND REGRAFTING. "The goal that these in vitro and in vivo studies has been to answer this fundamental question: Can normal animal cells functioning and replicating under ideal conditions escape from the inevitability of aging and death that is obligatory for the animal from which the were derived?" http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn