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"THE PRESTON CURVE indicates that individuals born in richer countries, on average, can expect to live longer than those born in poor countries. However, the link between income and life expectancy flattens out. This means that at low levels of per capita income, further increases in income are associated with large gains in life expectancy, but at high levels of income, increased income has little associated change in life expectancy. In other words, if the relationship is interpreted as being causal, then there are diminishing returns to income in terms of life expectancy." https://lnkd.in/db2auRq View in LinkedIn

THE INVENTION OF SEWERS had more impact on life expectancy than anything since. "Public health measures are credited with much of the recent increase in life expectancy. During the 20th century, the average lifespan in the United States increased by more than 30 years, of which 25 years can be attributed to advances in public health." All the heroic advances in medicine amounted to a 5 year increase. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy View in LinkedIn

RISE IN LIFE EXPECTANCY. "Longer lifespans became more common recently in human evolution. This increased longevity is attributed by some writers to cultural adaptations rather than genetic evolution, although some research indicates that during the Neolithic Revolution natural selection favored increased longevity. Nevertheless, all researchers acknowledge the effect of cultural adaptations upon life expectancy." Neolithic life expectancy was 20 years, and in 2010 the world average was 67.2 years. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy View in LinkedIn

EXTENDING HUMAN LIFESPAN."Recent scientific successes in rejuvenation and extending a lifespan of model animals (mice 2.5 times, yeast and nematodes 10 times) and discovery of variety of species (including humans of advanced ages) having negligible senescence give hope to achieve negligible senescence (cancel ageing) for younger humans, reverse ageing or at least significantly delay it." https://lnkd.in/dVg699i View in LinkedIn

CHILDHOOD MORTALITY affects life expectancy numbers. "During the early 1600s in England, life expectancy was only about 35 years, largely because two-thirds of all children died before the age of four. The average life expectancy in Colonial America was under 25 years in the Virginia colony, and in New England about 40% of children failed to reach adulthood. During the Industrial Revolution, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically." http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy View in LinkedIn

EUK LIFE CYCLE #1. "In the diploid-dominant cycle, the multicellular diploid stage is the most obvious life stage; the only haploid cells produced by the organism are the gametes." https://lnkd.in/dvZ2tF3 View in LinkedIn

3 TYPES OF LIFE CYCLES IN EUKS. "The main categories of sexual life cycles in eukaryotic organisms are: diploid-dominant, haploid-dominant, and alternation of generations." https://lnkd.in/dvZ2tF3 View in LinkedIn

SEX AND EUKS. "Given that sexual reproduction is pervasive and extant in all of the major super groups of the eukaryotic tree of life, it is hypothesized the sex emerged once in an ancestral eukaryote and has been preserved and conserved throughout the eukaryotic tree of life. Thus, one can think of the ability to undergo sexual reproduction as a synapomorphy for the eukaryotes." http://www.mycologia.org/content/105/1/1.full View in LinkedIn

PROK VS EUK. "Key features that distinguish eukaryotic from prokaryotic organisms are the presence of the nucleus and other intracellular organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum), the emergence of multicellularity and the ability to undergo true sexual reproduction." http://www.mycologia.org/content/105/1/1.full View in LinkedIn

GIANT LIFESPANS AND EVEN IMMORTALITY are demonstrated by numerous examples from the natural world. This rather stunning, and generally unappreciated fact that lifespans are not all programmed to be short raises many interesting possibilities. I will highlight some interesting examples from nature in the following postings. View in LinkedIn