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SEX BEGETS VARIATION. "Numerous studies across a range of organisms have convergently shown that the majority of variation in overall gene expression is explained by sex. These sex-biased genes have distinct evolutionary properties, namely they show faster rates of sequence and expression divergence, as well as rapid rates of turnover, broadly consistent with sexual selection." https://lnkd.in/dpjGKhi View in LinkedIn

FACTOID. "The effect of sexually antagonistic alleles is greater in long-adapted populations." https://lnkd.in/d4usB5Q View in LinkedIn

PAST HISTORY. "A population's evolutionary history may influence the effect of sexual selection." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982211013972 View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE focuses for the next two weekends in gene life cycles. Like water fleas and planets, genes also have life cycles of birth, middle age and death. Unlike the former two cases, genes may be resurrected into new functions and return to Go in the great game of Monopoly, all over again. We have tended to adopt our human time myopia, and imagine that our genomes are relatively fixed, except for mutations, but in the timeframes of genes, they are dynamic and constantly changing. Enjoy the new perspective, implicitly asking “quo vadis?” View in LinkedIn

WHERE QUESTIONS ALWAYS LEAD. "This uncertainty hinges on whether or not sexual and natural selection act in the same direction, and arises from another central problem in evolutionary biology; what maintains genetic variation in fitness?" https://lnkd.in/d4usB5Q View in LinkedIn

EXON MODIFICATION. "New gene structures can be generated by modifying existing exons or domains." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

NEW FUNCTIONS. "There are a variety of ways that new gene structures can subsequently acquire new functions." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

GENE RETENTION. "Estimates of duplicate gene retention after whole gene duplications in teleost fishes (~15 % after 350 MY), yeast (~12% after 80 MY), and Arabidopsis (~30 % after 80 MY) all suggest that large fractions of duplicated loci can be retained." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

WHOLE GENOME DUPLICATION. "An important gene duplication mechanism is whole genome duplication, which has occurred multiple times in eukaryote evolution, particularly in plants. Hundreds to thousands of duplicate genes are formed by a whole gene duplication event, and the vast majority of duplicates are quickly lost." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

"GENE DUPLICATION is thought to contribute most to the generation of new genes. A single or few new gene structure(s) can be formed at one time by DNA-based duplication (the copying and pasting of DNA sequence from one genomic region to another) or retroposition. While DNA-based duplications are often tandem, retroposed genes most often move to a new genomic environment, where they must acquire new regulatory elements or risk becoming processed pseudogenes." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn