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RIDICULE. "Hayflick’s work was criticized and he was ridiculed. It took about 10 years for a more general acceptance that normal cells have a limited life span in vitro, a phenomenon now known as the Hayflick limit. The Nobel Prize–winning discovery of telomere shortening and the expression of telomerase explained Hayflick’s observations." https://lnkd.in/dQMB4k7 View in LinkedIn

REJECTION. "Hayflick’s study was published in Experimental Cell Research in 1961, after first being rejected by another prominent journal—The Journal of Experimental Medicine. The rejection letter came from Francis Peyton Rous who received the Nobel Prize a few years later for his discovery of chicken tumor viruses." https://lnkd.in/dQMB4k7 View in LinkedIn

RESISTANCE TO CHANGE. "The paramount dogma in cell biology was that the failure of cells to proliferate indefinitely in vitro must be attributable to errors in the "art" required to keep cells dividing forever. That dogma was so well entrenched that our original manuscript was rejected in 1960 by The Journal of Experimental Medicine." Science hates change. http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

THE MORTALITY REALITY. "As Weismann opined, renewal cell populations do not occur in most tissues, and when the do, cell proliferation is not indefinite. In vitro experiments yield similar results. Serially cultured normal cells are mortal and reveal age changes before they die." (Normal cells). http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

THE IMMORTALITY CONDITION. "If all cell types were continually renewed without loss of function or capacity for self-renewal, organs composed of such cells would be expected to function normally indefinitely. Their host would live forever." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

CRYOGENIC PRESERVATION. "The cells have an extraordinary memory and "remember" at what doubling level the were preserved even after 35 years of continuous storage in liquid nitrogen. WI-38 has been cryogenically preserved longer than any other normal human or animal cell population." (There is a very interesting story behind WI-38 cells if you care to look it up). http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE deals with the quirky orchid family. Few plant families are as diverse as orchids, and with diversity comes a dazzling array of strategies for getting ahead. They illustrate how one plant family can be so creative in employing different complicated structures and behaviors especially in reproduction. Enjoy this glorious group. View in LinkedIn

PROPERTIES OF MORTAL CELLS #5. "Human diploid cell strains can be cryogenically preserved. When, for example, our first widely distributed normal human diploid cell strain WI-38, developed in 1962, is preserved at a particular doubling level and then reconstituted, the number of doublings remaining is equivalent to 50 minus the number of doublings spent prior to preservation." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

NAIL IN COFFIN TO HYPOTHESIS. "Cells aging in vitro do, indeed, acquire hundreds of incremental and decremental physiological changes as the approach the end of their in vitro lifespan. Yet, none of these changes raise the cell to a higher level of differentiation or specialization. To call the Phase III Phenomenon differentiation seems entirely inappropriate." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

PROPERTIES OF MORTAL CELLS #4. "Human cell strains will not produce tumors when inoculated into the hamster cheek pouch or even when directly inoculated into terminal human cancer patients." http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn