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LACKING DEATH. "Turritopsis nutricula is a unique medusa and its transformation potential is unparalleled within the vast array of life-cycle patterns found in cnidarians. This is the first known case of a metazoan being capable of reverting completely to a clonal life stage after having achieved sexual maturity in a solitary stage. Because all T. nutricula medusae regularly underwent transformation, we must assume that organismic death does not occur in this species." http://www.biolbull.org/content/190/3/302.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

REAGGREGATION. “Separated cells of hydra reaggregate and develop into normal animals. The regeneration of serially grafted aggregates derived from different parts of hydra tissue demonstrates that the polarity of morphogenesis in hydra is the result of the cellular composition of the tissue, not cellular orientation.” https://lnkd.in/dyrJ2cd View in LinkedIn

IMMORTAL HYDRA. "Daniel Martinez followed 100 adult Hydra for four years, discarding the buds as they were produced. The parental animals did not undergo age-related senescence. Individual cells die in Hydra, but the organism as a whole does not have a fixed life-span. There is, however, evidence that some species of Hydra undergo senescence following sexual reproduction." https://lnkd.in/dHGbTQZ View in LinkedIn

"THE IMMORTAL MEDUSA is the most miraculous species in the entire animal kingdom...I believe it will be easy to solve the mystery of immortality and apply ultimate life to human beings.” http://wedcrew.yolasite.com/resources/Jelly%20fish.pdf View in LinkedIn

HYDRA AND HUMAN COMMONALITY. "Together, these findings seem to indicate that Hydra not only provides insights into signalling pathways involved in stem cell differentiation in the Bilaterian ancestor; they also demonstrate that despite morphological and functional differences, and more than 500 million years of phylogenic separation between Hydra and human, common signaling pathways are responsible for stem cell maintenance, lineage determination, and differentiation." https://lnkd.in/d8uxmwq View in LinkedIn

STEM CELL ADVANTAGE. "Hydra’s potential immortality and extensive capacity to regenerate and self-renew is due to the presence of three distinct stem cell lineages: ectodermal and endodermal epithelial stem cells, and interstitial stem cells." https://lnkd.in/d8uxmwq View in LinkedIn

MODULAR DESIGN FOR IMMORTALITY. "Hydrozoans are modular organisms in their polyp stage, but the medusa stage is unitary. Modular organisms have a potentially indefinite life span, but this is usually impossible for nonmodular ones, in which the onset of sexual reproduction ultimately leads to death." https://lnkd.in/eC8V7aV View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION appears not to be a factor in aging using the flatworm example. Rather, telomeres appear to be the key factors. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_immortality View in LinkedIn

IMMORTAL FLATWORMS."Planarian flatworms (both sexual and asexual) appear to exhibit an ability to live indefinitely and have an "apparently limitless [telomere] regenerative capacity fueled by a population of highly proliferative adult stem cells." In even hydra and lobsters telomere length is a mark of aging. http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_immortality View in LinkedIn

PLANT AGING. “In most cases, mortality in perennials seems therefore not to be caused by the progressive deterioration of physiological functions associated with age, as occurs in humans. The unique combination of modular development and dormancy evolved by perennial plants allows them to defy aging. The field of aging and regenerative biomedicine could find inspiration in this combination, which makes the probability of death owing to external factors higher than death caused by physiological deterioration associated with aging at the plant organism level.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03360.x/full View in LinkedIn