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EVENT COUNTER MINIMA. “An intracellular counting mechanism must be present. These data included: 1) the Phase III Phenomenon itself; 2) our observation that cryogenically preserved cells "remember" at what doubling level they were preserved; and 3) the enormous literature describing hundreds of biological changes occurring in normal cells well before they lose their replicative capacity.” http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

REPLICOMETER. “The sought-after mechanism should not be called a clock or chronometer because these are devices used for the measurement of the passage of time. Because the replicative limit of normal cells is not directly the result of the passage of time but the number of DNA replications, the putative mechanism should be more properly referred to as an event counter.” http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

THE CELLULAR COUNTER for age, "the holy grail in cytogerentology. Because cell mortality and immortality are inextricably linked to aging and cancer, the importance of this goal would be difficult to exaggerate.” http://protein.bio.msu.ru/biokhimiya/contents/v62/full/62111380.html View in LinkedIn

IMPERCEPTIBLE AGING. “Animals that do not reach a fixed size in adulthood either do not age or the rate is undetectable. Fascinating recent findings reveal that in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), an animal with imperceptible age changes, and unlike animals that do age, high telomerase activity has been found in the cells of all of the organs analysed.” https://lnkd.in/esfPTAR View in LinkedIn

APPLICATIONS. “This discovery has profound theoretical and practical implications that include the immortalization of highly differentiated normal human cell types for the production of medically useful proteins.” https://lnkd.in/esfPTAR View in LinkedIn

TWO GENERATIONS. "Plant reproductive cell lineages thus span two generations, commencing in the sporophyte when cells in the male and female sex organs (stamens and carpels, respectively) enter meiosis and terminating in the gametophyte with the formation of gametes." (Meiosis halves the number of chromosomes, 2n to n to allow both parent genes to participate in the offspring without forever amping up the number of chromosomes in the cell). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

DOUBLE FERTILIZATION. "As implied by the name, the gametophyte generates the gametes, two sperms in the male pollen and a single egg in the female embryo sac." Both sperms are used in a double fertilization event -- one for the egg cell (to make a diploid zygote) -- and the other for the megamametophyte (to make a triploid nucleus of the endosperm). Wow. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

MAIN BODY FORM. "Plants alternate between two generations—one haploid and the other diploid. In flowering plants, the main plant body forms the “sporophytic” generation, within which highly reduced male and female “gametophyic” generations develop." There are exceptions such as bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts), where the gametophyte is the main body form, or ferns where the sporophyte is the main form. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

PARALLEL IN ANIMALS. "Plant reproductive development thus mirrors that of animals, where the development of viable gametes relies on interactions between soma and germline, for example, between Sry-expressing Sertoli cells and the male germline, preventing an “egg” developmental pathway from being followed." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn

SOMA VS GERMLINE SEGREGATION. "Plants undergo alternation of generation in which reproductive cells develop in the plant body (“sporophytic generation”) and then differentiate into a multicellular gamete-forming “gametophytic generation.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580713000427 View in LinkedIn