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SPARING THE PROLIFIC. "Iteroparous organisms have multiple reproductive episodes during the life cycle, as opposed to a solitary event. In these species, senescence leading to death is less abrupt and dramatic, but is ubiquitous nonetheless. General explanations for organismal senescence are varied and contentious, and the idea that iteroparous senescence is “programmed” is not the majority view." View in LinkedIn

UNABLE TO POST REFERENCE TO THIS GROUP. Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive?" "John W Pepper, Deborah E Shelton, Armin Rashidi and Pierre M Durand. View in LinkedIn

INTERNAL DEATH CLOCK. "Similarly in small marsupials, castration or prevention of mating can increase male life span up to that of females. These experiments indicate that rapid senescence and death following reproduction in at least some semelparous animals are genetically “programmed” and internally controlled." View in LinkedIn

WIDESPREAD CELL DEATH SYSTEMS. "Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive? Natural selection acts primarily on organisms, and the existence of evolved, active, internal mechanisms that cause organismal death would seem paradoxical. However, there is substantial evidence that internal death promoting mechanisms exist and are taxonomically widespread." View in LinkedIn

REFERENCE FOR TODAY: Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive?" "John W Pepper, Deborah E Shelton, Armin Rashidi, and Pierre M Duran. (This reference refuses to post normally on LI). View in LinkedIn

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GONADECTOMY EXTENSION. "For example, lifespan of semelparous annual plants can often be artificially extended by removing reproductive structures. Optic gland removal in O. hummelincki causes cessation of brooding, reinstates normal feeding behavior, and extends life. In fishes, removal of the gonads (Pacific salmon, lampreys) or of the pituitary gland (lampreys) and prevention of mating (eels) can substantially increase life span." View in LinkedIn

EXECUTIONER'S REPRIEVE. "In both plants and animals, life span can be is extended by experimental manipulations of physiology and/or reproduction, indicating that senescence is not the inevitable outcome of physical constraints." View in LinkedIn

LAST FLING. "In some cephalopod molluscs, rapid senescence and death follow spawning (squids) or brooding (octopuses). For example, in Octopus hummelincki, brooding females alter and reduce feeding behavior and die shortly after their eggs hatch. These traits are influenced by endocrine secretions from the optic gland." View in LinkedIn

NO LAST REQUESTS. "Among invertebrates, cases of death following semelparous reproduction that clearly seem to be coded into the genome (and thus “programmed”) include the many insects in which adults entirely lack mouthparts or are otherwise incapable of feeding." View in LinkedIn