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REF FOR TODAY’S POST. Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive?" "John W Pepper, Deborah E Shelton, Armin Rashidi and Pierre M Durand" "Journal of Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology View in LinkedIn

REF FOR LAST POST." "Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive?" "John W Pepper1,2, Deborah E Shelton1, Armin Rashidi1 and Pierre M Durand1,3* View in LinkedIn

DEATH FOR INCREASED FITNESS. "Programmed cell death (PCD) serves the interests of multicellular organisms in many ways. Because it increases the fitness of the organism, there is no mystery about the function of PCD in plants and animals." View in LinkedIn

REGULATED DEATH. “In all cases that have been studied to date, programmed cell death is regulated by signals provided by other cells, either in the form of cell-lineage information, of soluble mediators, or of cell-to-cell contacts." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

WIDELY CONSERVED. “Programmed cell death has been found to operate in all multicellular animals studied so far, including cnidaria, nematodes, insects, amphibians, birds and mammals. The evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death in the animal kingdom does not only involve its existence and role, but extends to some central aspects of its genetic control, and to important aspects of its most frequent phenotype, apoptosis." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

EUKARYOTIC GENES IN WO PHAGE EAM. "Some of these genes (i) appear to encode protein domains and cleavage sites central to eukaryotic functions, (ii) occur in both phage and metazoan hosts, (iii) comprise the second largest phage gene to date (14,256 bp) and (iv) are absent from mutualistic, phage-free genomes of Wolbachia." (EAM = eukaryotic association module). https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

SELECTION BEYOND. "There is experimental evidence of benefits at levels other than the organism in bacteria and some eukaryotes, as well as a range of possible functions. Proposals include levels both below (genetic element) and above (group) that of the individual cell." http://www.esciencecentral.org/journals/are-internal-death-promoting-mechanisms-ever-adaptive-2329-9002.1000113.pdf View in LinkedIn

WO PHAGE GENE MODULES. "Metagenomic analysis of the complete genome from phage WO particles reveals all formerly described phage genetic modules (lysogeny, baseplate, head, replication, virulence, tail and patatin-like phospholipase), as well as a new group of genes that we collectively group into a eukaryotic association module (EAM)." https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

ADDING A SECOND DOMAIN. "Here we assemble the sequenced genomes of phage WO particles, resolve the bacteriophage attachment and bacterial integration sites, report a eukaryotic association module in bacteriophages and discuss lateral gene transfers between eukaryotes and bacteriophages." https://lnkd.in/dYh3-r4 View in LinkedIn

ABUNDANT GENE MECHANISMS IN PHAGES. "WO is a dynamic element that has a significant impact on the genetic diversity of Wolbachia. Analysis shows that WO molecular evolution is a complex process involving vertical transmission and horizontal transfer, recombination between phages, and hitchhiking of other mobile elements on WO." https://lnkd.in/dG3vir9 View in LinkedIn