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FITNESS NOT ACTING ON DEATH. "Likewise, death seemed incapable of evolving, since it did not contribute to the fitness of the individual, and genes would not, therefore, determine death." https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/275813 View in LinkedIn

MISSING REFERENCE. https://lnkd.in/dnzRdnG View in LinkedIn

GNARNY KNOT. "In the past, death posed a conundrum for biologists: death as such did not seem to perform a function in life, yet death seemed a part of life, since only living things died. Indeed, death did not seem to be one of life’s qualities, even though, with few exceptions, it was the end of life." https://lnkd.in/d-cTw6G View in LinkedIn

ERROR RATES. "We have recently developed a novel method that allows us to estimate transcription error rates and the degree to which these vary among eukaryotic lineages. Remarkably, error rates at this level are typically >1000x those at the level of genome replication. The implication is that >1% of transcripts typically contain an erroneous base." http://www.bio.indiana.edu/faculty/directory/profile.php?person=milynch View in LinkedIn

DEATH'S PATH. "Death is not unchanging, but rather has evolved over time." https://lnkd.in/dp_3aQ5 View in LinkedIn

EVOLUTION OF DEATH. "The evolutionary origin of senescence remains a fundamental unsolved problem in biology." https://lnkd.in/dUX_Fna View in LinkedIn

NAIL IN THE COFFIN OF EXCEPTIONS. "Sizes of effects under our models have little impact, and sometimes no impact, on predicted hazard functions, but they have major impact on rates of turnover. For each allele, the reciprocal of the nonlinear age-specific force of natural selection indicates a typical clearance time." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10141.full View in LinkedIn

VESTIGIAL EFFECTS. "It seems to us likely that effects of accumulating mutations in humans are now seen at postreproductive ages bearing age-specific signatures that were imprinted at earlier epochs when their contributions were more rapidly lethal at younger ages." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10141.full View in LinkedIn

ODDBALL EXCEPTIONS. "For species like humans, with substantial postreproductive survival, theories that emphasize mutation accumulation face the challenge of accounting for the absence of a wall of death at the end of reproduction." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/25/10141.full View in LinkedIn

MUCH OF NON-CODING DNA OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION. "In this review, we provide an overview of the major arguments that have been presented in support of the notion that a large portion of most eukaryotic genomes lacks an organism-level function.” http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn