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INCREASING COMPLEXITY. "The biphasic model of evolution...is not all-encompassing as continuous, long-term increase in genome complexity (but not necessarily biological information density) is observed in various lineages, our own history (that is, evolution of vertebrates) being an excellent case in point."" " https://lnkd.in/egqWFZp http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201300037/full View in LinkedIn

TWO PHASES. "The first, innovative phase of evolution is temporally brief, engenders dramatic genomic and phenotypic perturbations, and is linked to population bottlenecks. The second, reductive phase that represents “evolution as usual” is protracted in time, is facilitated by the deletion bias that seems to be a general feature of genome evolution." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201300037/full View in LinkedIn

CLOCKS AND BURSTS. "The findings that in many if not most lineages evolution is dominated by gene (and more generally, DNA) loss that occurs in a roughly clock-like manner whereas gene gain occurs in bursts associated with the emergence of major new groups of organisms imply a biphasic model of evolution." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201300037/full View in LinkedIn

MORE EQUAL PARTNER. "Simplification could be an “an equal partner to complexification” in the evolution of eukaryotes. The latest reconstruction results suggest that simplification could be even “more equal” than complexification." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201300037/full View in LinkedIn

TWO AGING THEORIES. "Evolutionary theories of aging predict the existence of certain genes that provide selective advantage early in life with adverse effect on lifespan later in life (antagonistic pleiotropy theory) or longevity insurance genes (disposable soma theory).” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.4161/cc.28433 View in LinkedIn

INTRON LOSS DOMINATION. "All in all, intron loss clearly dominated the evolution of eukaryotic genes, with episodes of substantial gain linked only with the emergence of some major groups, especially animals, in full agreement with the results of the evolutionary reconstruction for the eukaryotic domain repertoire." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201300037/full View in LinkedIn

"THE DISPOSABLE SOMA THEORY on the evolution of ageing states that longevity requires investments in somatic maintenance that reduce the resources available for reproduction. Experiments in Drosophila melanogaster indicate that trade-offs of this kind exist in non-human species. The findings show that human life histories involve a trade-off between longevity and reproduction." https://lnkd.in/dusZvgm View in LinkedIn

MASSIVE INTRON LOSS. "Remarkably, intron-rich ancestors were reconstructed even for those major groups of eukaryotes that currently consist entirely of intron-poor forms such as the alveolates that apparently evolved via differential, lineage-specific, extensive intron loss." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201300037/full View in LinkedIn

POPULATION SURVIVAL. Disposable soma theory. "That populations survive indefinitely while individuals grow old and die requires that young offspring be produced at the expense of old parents, and this has classically been explained in terms of an immortal germ line passing through a transient and disposable soma, or body." https://lnkd.in/d9ymnPc View in LinkedIn

THE INTRON FACTOR. "The reconstructions consistently indicate that ancestral eukaryotes including the LECA and the founders of each supergroup were intron-rich forms, with intron densities higher than those in the genes of most extant eukaryotes and probably only slightly lower than those in the modern organisms with the most complex gene structures, such as mammals." (LECA = last eukaryotic common ancestor). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bies.201300037/full View in LinkedIn