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LOGICAL HESITATION. "Now, one might argue that the longer the organism lives, the more offspring it can produce, and the more copies of its genes will be made. Hence, the genes of organisms that do not age, and thus live longer, would be naturally selected." http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/evolage.html View in LinkedIn

GENE VEHICLE. "For a gene, the main criterion that must be fulfilled or maximized in order to be naturally selected, is that its vehicle (individual organism) should survive long enough to be able to produce (numerous) offspring." http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/evolage.html View in LinkedIn

UNIT OF EVOLUTION? "Individuals are merely disposable vehicles for the replicating information contained in the genes. As long as the genes survive (that is, are replicated in offspring before the individual dies), the survival or death of the individual is not very important." http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/evolage.html View in LinkedIn

SURVIVAL OF THE GENE. "A useful way to look at this problem is Dawkins's "Selfish Gene" picture of evolution, where the fundamental unit to be maintained by natural selection is not the individual, nor the group or the species, but the gene." https://lnkd.in/ecMXQ_u View in LinkedIn

DARK DRIVER OF EVOLUTION. "Evolution advances by means of death (as opposed to the survival of the "fit")? That's a dark spin on Darwinian theory that I didn't expect to come across." http://www.evolutionnews.org/2012/11/evolution_by_me066801.html View in LinkedIn

WEEDING THE UNFIT. "Biological evolution, too, is anti-fragile. The death of unfit individuals is what causes a species to adapt and improve." https://lnkd.in/ddsS3VH View in LinkedIn

REJUVENATION. "Unlike the process of clonal senescence, where an entire population progressively declines in fitness, here the life potential of the lineage is continually renewed through young offspring cells (the process of rejuvenation) that are produced at the expense of aged parent cells." http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030045 View in LinkedIn

SYMMETRIC DIVISION. "We find that the old pole is a significant marker for multiple phenotypes associated with aging, namely, decreased metabolic efficiency (reduced growth rate), reduced offspring biomass production, and an increased chance of death. Thus, E. coli, an organism with a morphologically symmetrical division, no juvenile phase, and no identified separation between germ line and soma, is susceptible to aging." http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030045 View in LinkedIn

ASYMMETRIC DIVISION. "With the discovery of aging in single-celled organisms with no clear separation of these two constituents, it has been proposed that reproduction by asymmetric division is a prerequisite for aging and that organisms that reproduce without a distinction between parent and offspring do not age, thus exhibiting functional immortality." http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030045 View in LinkedIn

COLONY CONSTRAINTS. “One interesting prediction of the model is that selection generally favors cycles with group level properties when intermediate body size is associated with lowest mortality. That is, a universal requirement for the evolution of group cycles in the model is that the size-mortality curve be U-shaped. Furthermore, growth must decelerate with size.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040580915000222 View in LinkedIn