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CONSERVED BODY PLANS. "Higher taxonomic groups, most notably phyla, poses suites of anatomical features that distinguish them from other groups. Such an underlying anatomical arrangement is called a body plan. Body plans arose rapidly during the radiation of the first animals but have been conserved since their first debut." https://lnkd.in/d2_xbfe View in LinkedIn

SOFT ROBOT EVOLUTION VIDEO. https://lnkd.in/dD-uMQK View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT BODY PATTERNS. “The basic animal body plans are half a billion years old. Arthropods, chordates, mollusks, echinoderms and others can all be recognized from the first appearance of the animal fossil record. Even so, the striking diversity of living animals shows that dramatic evolutionary transformations have taken place within these ancient patterns." https://lnkd.in/d2_xbfe View in LinkedIn

CONTROL HOMOLOGIES. "One of the most remarkable discoveries of the past few years is that the major elements controlling animal development are quite similar across a wide range of body plans." https://lnkd.in/dx4KvtT View in LinkedIn

STRUCTURAL HOMOLOGIES. "The early formation of distinct germ layers, the establishment of body axes, the differentiation of photoreceptors or the deployment of similar neuronal architectures are examples attesting to deep homologies at the tissue and cellular level." https://lnkd.in/dT-s3Z5 View in LinkedIn

UNDERLYING GENE NETWORKS. "Conservation of phyletic body plans may have been due to the retention since pre-Cambrian time of gene regulatory network kernels, which underlie development of major body parts." https://lnkd.in/dHpVwii View in LinkedIn

PHYLUM-LEVEL BODY PLANS. "A notable feature of the paleontological record of animal evolution is the establishment by the Early Cambrian of virtually all phylum-level body plans." https://lnkd.in/dHpVwii View in LinkedIn

TWO PHASES OF DIVERSIFICATION. "After the initial “explosion” and formation of most animal body plans (phyla), the subsequent animal diversification only “filled in” the (morphological) space and resulted in more genera and families." https://lnkd.in/dTKCkih View in LinkedIn

CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION THEN STASIS. "Although there are disagreements as to the speed of this diversification, one thing that is clear is that since this time there have been only minor modifications to existing animal body plans." https://lnkd.in/dTKCkih View in LinkedIn

NO NEW PHYLA. "Despite the enormous amount of developmental and morphological innovation that has occurred since then within body plans, no new phyla appear to have originated since the Cambrian. Nonetheless, enormous evolutionary changes have gone on within the animal kingdom within these long-conserved underlying patterns." https://lnkd.in/d2_xbfe View in LinkedIn