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A MEME is "an idea, behavior, or style that spreads from person to person within a culture". https://lnkd.in/d6Cxzi3 View in LinkedIn

"COINED by British evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in The Selfish Gene (1976) as a concept for discussion of evolutionary principles in explaining the spread of ideas and cultural phenomena. Examples of memes given in the book included melodies, catchphrases, fashion, and the technology of building arches." https://lnkd.in/d6Cxzi3 View in LinkedIn

CULTURAL TRAITS. "Some treatments of cultural evolution (e.g., sociobiology and evolutionary psychology) consider how cultural traits evolve due to their effect on biological fitness. But one can also consider how cultural traits evolve in their own right, as Dawkins did when he coined the word “meme"." https://lnkd.in/dsMZPii View in LinkedIn

CO-EVOLUTION. "All this suggests that machines might play an unprecedented role in the next major evolutionary transition, and the challenge here is to predict and explain this role." https://lnkd.in/dsMZPii View in LinkedIn

AUTONOMOUS MACHINES. "These machines will be as much a part of the natural world as features in the landscape or existing forms of life, and their evolution will affect the course of existing forms of life. Think of how machines are currently ramifying the nature and rate of human communication and interconnectedness." https://lnkd.in/dsMZPii View in LinkedIn

SIMILAR TOOLS. "A central conclusion from decades of developmental genetics is that the same regulatory genes control development across diverse animal groups. That is, the same basic “parts list” is re-deployed in the core of developmental programs of diverse animals, and it is the alternative regulatory connections between these genes that must explain most of the alternative morphologies of animals." https://lnkd.in/dTKCkih View in LinkedIn

AN ENORMOUS CULTURAL EXPERIMENT is taking share before our eyes. Our youth have digitized childhoods, locked into social media in a way never seen before. The next generation will have an entirely different relationship to the internet and the cybernetic world, and likely be early adopters of new virtual technology. View in LinkedIn

AMPLIFIED OPTIONS. "Gene duplication itself is widely considered to facilitate evolution. The redundancy that arises immediately following duplication is generally thought to allow for beneficial mutations to accumulate and new functions to arise. Thus, the increase in parts (regulatory genes) and the resulting explosion in the ways the parts could be put together probably opened up new possibilities of forms that, under permitting environmental and ecological conditions, could be attained." https://lnkd.in/dTKCkih View in LinkedIn

TOOLKIT AMPLIFICATION MATHS. "To illustrate the point, a network of 2 genes that can activate, repress, or do nothing to each other or themselves, has 81 possible topologies, while a network of 3 such genes has 19,683 possible topologies (number of topologies = 3(n)(2), where there are n2 interactions between pairs of genes and each interaction can be positive, negative, or neither of the two)." https://lnkd.in/dTKCkih View in LinkedIn

EXPANDED GENE TOOLKIT. "At least part of the potential for developmental evolution during the Cambrian may therefore simply stem from the expansion of the repertoire of regulatory genes in the metazoan ancestor. An increase in regulatory proteins (that can act alone or in combinations) translates into a much bigger increase in possible regulatory network configurations (“topologies”)." https://lnkd.in/dTKCkih View in LinkedIn