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EVOLVABLE HARDWARE. "Currently, there are serious research efforts to build robots with evolvable hardware." https://lnkd.in/da2m8CW View in LinkedIn

SELF-ASSEMBLY. "Two researchers at the University of Texas Dallas, Vishwath Mohan and Kevin Hamlen, demonstrated a program earlier this month that could help the makers of malware create viruses that assemble themselves out of all the bits and pieces of code in their victim computers." https://lnkd.in/dcUxjca View in LinkedIn

AVOIDING IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE. "Already computer viruses exist that are capable of mutating their byte-level appearance, so as to foil virus detection software schemes that search for sequences of bytes uniquely associated with known viruses. It is not hard...to further imagine advanced anti-virus software that itself evolves counter-adaptations to the latest viral tricks" just like in nature.” https://lnkd.in/dgC8qNr View in LinkedIn

"THE ELECTRONIC ECOLOGIES that eventuate were astounding. The instrumentation sequences that serve as "organismal" analogues spontaneously developed sophisticated behaviours. Among these were complex patterns of memory, flocking, parasitism and immunity, predator-prey relationships, and sexual reproduction." (Page 51). https://lnkd.in/etkXtU6 View in LinkedIn

COMPUTATIONAL VIRAL ECOSYSTEMS. "A number of processes in parallel execute instructions held in a shared block of memory. Processes may spawn other processes, overwrite instructions and in effect compete for memory and execution time resources." https://lnkd.in/etkXtU6 View in LinkedIn

VIRAL MUTATIONS. "Higher-level mutations of viruses do exist, however. There are variants of many known viruses, with over a dozen known for some IBM PC viruses. The variations involved can be very small, on the order of two or three instructions difference, to major changes involving differences in messages, activation, and replication." https://lnkd.in/eCG7b3z View in LinkedIn

PROOFREADING. "Although both digital and nucleotide codes can be adapted to changing circumstances by random processes, they are protected against errors or mutations in an operating environment as computers and cells, respectively." http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOEVOLJ/TOEVOLJ-5-1.pdf View in LinkedIn

GREY ZONE. "Simply because computer viruses do not exist as organic molecules may not be sufficient reason to dismiss the classification of this form of “vandalware” as a form of life." This discussion is as philosophical as the same question about biological viruses. There is no testable hypothesis, just disputed definitions." https://lnkd.in/eCG7b3z View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL LIFE. "Only recently have some scientists begun to ask if computer viruses are not a form of artificial life — a self-replicating organism." https://lnkd.in/eCG7b3z View in LinkedIn

UNEXPECTED. "Some mutations that cause damage in the short term ultimately become a positive force in the genetic pedigree of a complex organism." https://lnkd.in/d4b3fY4 View in LinkedIn