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THE STUDY OF THE EARTHWORM (by Charles Darwin) took 40 years of experimentation on a pool table to complete (1881 in a book titled The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms, with Observations of their Habits). https://lnkd.in/d4AyW4h View in LinkedIn

"MACRO VIRUSES use an application's own macro programming language to distribute themselves. Macro viruses do not infect programs; they infect documents. Macro viruses typically arrive in an infected document, a price list written with MS Word for example." https://lnkd.in/dhKz_EK View in LinkedIn

"BOOT SECTOR VIRUSES can infect hard drives and removable disks, such as floppy disks. The boot sector is an area at the beginning of a hard drive or other disk where information about the drive or disk structure is stored. Symptoms of a boot sector virus may be a computer that is unbootable or gives error messages upon booting. Frustratingly, boot sector viruses may be present with no noticeable problems." https://lnkd.in/dhKz_EK View in LinkedIn

"FILE INFECTOR VIRUSES are those that infect other files or programs on your system. They operate in a number of ways. Once the original 'host' program is run, the virus can stay resident or 'live' inside your systems memory (RAM) and infect programs as they are opened, or they can lay dormant inside another program. Each time that program is run, the virus will infect another program or file." https://lnkd.in/dhKz_EK View in LinkedIn

SPECTRUM OF HARM. "Just as biological viruses range from being quite harmless to lethal, computer viruses may simply cause a harmless message to appear on your screen occasionally, or may render your system inoperable." https://lnkd.in/dhKz_EK View in LinkedIn

PROKARYOTIC CONSTRAINTS. “Prokaryotic genome size is constrained by bioenergetics. The endosymbiosis that gave rise to mitochondria restructured the distribution of DNA in relation to bioenergetic membranes, permitting a remarkable 200,000-fold expansion in the number of genes expressed." https://lnkd.in/epWvSvD View in LinkedIn

SELF-MODIFYING CODE. "Is it possible for a program to modify its own code? Absolutely. The Linux kernel makes extensive use of self-modifying code. Also, any environment using just-in-time compilation, such as the Java virtual machine or Google’s V8 JavaScript engine or PyPy, is built entirely on self-modifying code." https://lnkd.in/db4vZQ4 View in LinkedIn

PROKARYOTE LIMITED COMPLEXITY. "All complex life is composed of eukaryotic (nucleated) cells. The eukaryotic cell arose from prokaryotes just once in four billion years, and otherwise prokaryotes show no tendency to evolve greater complexity. Why not?” https://lnkd.in/epWvSvD View in LinkedIn

UNIT OF EVOLUTION? "Individuals are merely disposable vehicles for the replicating information contained in the genes. As long as the genes survive (that is, are replicated in offspring before the individual dies), the survival or death of the individual is not very important." https://lnkd.in/ecMXQ_u View in LinkedIn

DATA INCREASE. "Since the genetic information is transformed into phenotypic information in ontogeny, this figure (10(8) bits) must represent the amount of information which corresponds to the improved organization of higher animals as compared to their ancestors 500 million years back." https://lnkd.in/eGfBzxS View in LinkedIn