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BIOINFORMATICS DATA MINING. "It has become typical practice in Bioinformatics to separate the data collection or experimentation process and the understanding process, where large numbers of experiments are conducted and then specially designed data mining tools are used to identify correlations in the data that might represent hitherto undiscovered scientific knowledge." https://lnkd.in/dUdRjJH View in LinkedIn

STEP FORWARD. “This Robot Scientist will be capable of initiating >1,000 experiments, and making >200,000 observations a day. Robot Scientists provide a unique test bed for the development of methodologies for the curation and annotation of scientific experiments: because the experiments are conceived and executed automatically by computer, it is possible to completely capture and digitally curate all aspects of the scientific process.” https://lnkd.in/dQyqwwv View in LinkedIn

"GRAFFITI.PC is a conjecture-making computer program whose design was strongly influenced by the design of the conjecture-making program Graffiti. The program Graffiti was created in the mid 1980's by Siemion Fajtlowicz of the University of Houston. As his student in the early 1990's, I contributed to the development of the most recent versions of Graffiti." https://lnkd.in/dEMGmTW View in LinkedIn

RESEARCH OUTPUT. 92 research articles inspired by Graffiti. https://lnkd.in/d_iPp8q View in LinkedIn

BEATING THE NOGGINS. "A conjecture of Graffiti led to a discovery of a stability pattern of classical fullerenes, winning in the process an argument against one of the well-known fullerene experts." https://lnkd.in/dNX9WUn View in LinkedIn

FINITE SIZE RANGE. "Proteins exist in a finite range of sizes with a limited amino acid alphabet. We find that these restrictions set an intrinsic limit to designing protein interfaces that can bind selectively to target proteins, while remaining relatively repulsive to all other protein interfaces." https://lnkd.in/eTyvTV7 View in LinkedIn

GENE SWAPS. "The horizontal transfer of entire metabolic pathways or part thereof might have had a special role during the early stages of cellular evolution." https://lnkd.in/dxwrfTm View in LinkedIn

ONLY 20 AMINO ACIDS MAKE PROTEINS. "There are 22 standard amino acids, but only 21 are found in eukaryotes. Of the 22, 20 are directly encoded by the universal genetic code. Humans can synthesize 11 of these 20 from each other or from other molecules of intermediary metabolism. The other 9 must be consumed in the diet." https://lnkd.in/eeMC3wc View in LinkedIn

PATCHWORK HYPOTHESIS. "Concerning the mechanisms of pathway assembly, both the analysis of completely sequenced genomes and directed evolution experiments strongly support the patchwork hypothesis, according to which metabolic pathways have been assembled through the recruitment of primitive enzymes that could react with a wide range of chemically related substrates." Bolt-on exaptations. https://lnkd.in/dNeshTu View in LinkedIn

ONLY FOUR NUCLEOTIDES BUILD DNA. "There are basically four nucleotide bases, which make up the DNA. Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T) and Cytosine(C)." (You knew that, but I am building my case)." https://lnkd.in/e7TPGqw View in LinkedIn