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ONLY FOUR NUCLEOTIDES BUILD DNA. "DNA is a long molecule, like a chain, where the links of the chain are pieces called nucleotides (sometimes also called 'bases'). There are four different types of nucleotides in DNA which we'll call 'A', 'G', 'C' and 'T'. These four are all that's necessary to write a code that describes our entire body plan. Sounds too simple? Keep in mind that Morse Code uses only four symbols (dot, dash, short spaces and long spaces), and you could spell out entire encyclopedias of knowledge with that simple code!" https://lnkd.in/d_a7EW4 View in LinkedIn

"TEN MILLION COMPOUNDS are known, and of these, 9 million are carbon based. Many were synthesized after Wohler proved that chemical like urea could be synthesized (1828), destroying the Vital Force theory that supposed that organic compounds must come from pre-existing life." The number of possible chemicals are greater than the number of grains of sand (7.5 x 10(18)). https://lnkd.in/dcWgC9X View in LinkedIn

“118 ELEMENTS in the periodic table compose the planets and all the universes. Only 94 are found naturally and of these, 7 are novel gases that only form compounds with difficulty. This is the entire list of the fundamental known elements. The remaining 87 are the building blocks that combine to make compounds. Biological compounds, mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen with a little phosphorus and sulfur compose 99% of living structures.” http://www.ptable.com/ View in LinkedIn

"SIMPLICITY, it would seem, is a simple matter." (Raymond D. Havens, 1953). https://lnkd.in/d_4wdkS View in LinkedIn

OCCAM'S RAZOR. "Einstein proclaimed that we could discover true laws of nature by seeking those with the simplest mathematical formulation." https://lnkd.in/dP8cmJN View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE. Only 4 nucleotides to make DNA and RNA; only 64 unique codon triplets make amino acids; only 20 amino acids make proteins; only 102 elements make all the planets. Such a small toolkit. And yet our living world and our universe appear to know no limits. How is it that from such simplicity such profound complexity can arise? We will unpack each of the Dutch Dolls from smallest upwards to look at the small toolkit that can amplify so greatly. View in LinkedIn

"THINKING MACHINE. Imagine a software that can consider billions of possible hypotheses at scale...Instead of manually testing a hypothetical outcome against a dataset, SparkBeyond scans massive amounts of data and sifts it through a range of clarifiers – equations, definitions sentiments, locations – to build the best predictive model with a measurable business goal in mind. As the data changes the model adapts using adaptive machine learning algorithms." https://lnkd.in/dDgxbbq View in LinkedIn

RECOMBINANT CODE. "A startup in Israel is working on just such a concept. SparkBeyond, founded by Sagie Davidovich, is creating an engine that will comb all of the code in GitHub and then assemble parts as needed to create new application programming interfaces (APIs). A developer would just need to specify the sort of functions he or she wants and SparkBeyond would assemble it automatically. Call it recombinant code." https://lnkd.in/d5Pn4rH View in LinkedIn

INNOCENT QUESTION. “Why would you ever want to write a program that changes its code while it’s running? That’s a horrible idea!” https://lnkd.in/dWhsGg7 View in LinkedIn

ONLY 20 AMINO ACIDS MAKE PROTEINS. "There are 22 standard amino acids, but only 21 are found in eukaryotes. Of the 22, 20 are directly encoded by the universal genetic code. Humans can synthesize 11 of these 20 from each other or from other molecules of intermediary metabolism. The other 9 must be consumed in the diet." https://lnkd.in/eeMC3wc View in LinkedIn