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RARE BENEFICIAL MUTATIONS. "It is important to note that the fraction of beneficial mutations (among all those that can occur) is usually very small, with most mutations being deleterious and the rest neutral." https://lnkd.in/dGC6A7c View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE CONCEPT. "We argue here that apart from a hint and some failed implementation attempts (e.g., W32/Zellome), self-evolving malware has yet to appear. The concept itself, however, is relatively simple, and the consequences of the release of evolving malware should be studied." https://lnkd.in/dGC6A7c View in LinkedIn

INHERITED GOOD MUTATIONS. "Mutations that provide organisms with a reproductive advantage over others (beneficial mutations) will tend to propagate to future generations." https://lnkd.in/dGC6A7c View in LinkedIn

MALWARE MATINGS. "Malware has been spotted that evolves on its own, leeching onto other strains and multiplying its powers, without any human interaction." https://lnkd.in/dMWp2j5 View in LinkedIn

TUMOR MUTATIONS. "Our latest release (v70; Aug 2014) describes 2,002,811 coding point mutations in over one million tumor samples and across most human genes. COSMIC also details more than six million noncoding mutations, 10,534 gene fusions, 61,299 genome rearrangements, 695,504 abnormal copy number segments and 60,119,787 abnormal expression variants." https://lnkd.in/dcuS5W2 View in LinkedIn

BIG NUMBERS. "Or to put it another way, to have a one in a trillion chance to type out Hamlet we would need another 10(360,641) Universes full of monkeys." https://lnkd.in/dnbrNQ5 View in LinkedIn

NEITHER SOLO NOR PARALLEL. "The project that attracted all the attention did neither of these. It was the brainchild of programmer Jesse Anderson, who wanted to test some software for ‘cloud computing', where many individuals use cheap notepads as terminals, and the actual computation is done by vast banks of servers located in a gigantic warehouse somewhere in Kansas or wherever. So he wrote short programs to produce random 9-character sequences, e-mailed to a central repository in the cloud." https://lnkd.in/dYDipGw View in LinkedIn

PARALLEL TYPING. "Alternatively, a comparably large number of monkeys could all type in parallel. One of them would produce the entire text word for word straight away." https://lnkd.in/dYDipGw View in LinkedIn

ONE MONKEY TYPIST. "The Infinite Monkey Theorem proves that however improbable such an occurrence might be, it is virtually certain to happen if one monkey keeps typing random characters for a very, very, very long time. In order to produce the 3.7 million characters in Shakespeare, in perfect order, for instance, the monkey would have to type for a mere 10 to the power 6 million years. That's 1 followed by six million zeros. The age of the universe is roughly 1 followed by ten zeros." https://lnkd.in/dYDipGw View in LinkedIn

MILLION VIRTUAL MONKEYS. "Just two years ago, Jesse Anderson used Amazon's cloud computing resources to create a virtual monkey army that quickly and randomly assembled works of the Bard. (Anderson has a nice visualization on his website of the way the words emerged in Shakespeare's poem "A Lover's Complaint.")." https://lnkd.in/dmvcR5f View in LinkedIn