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INFINITE MUTATION. "If similar morphing techniques were implemented by a 32-bit worm, a major problem would occur as new mutations of old viruses and worms would be created endlessly." https://lnkd.in/eXJNZSa View in LinkedIn

METAMORPHIC CODE. "Most polymorphic viruses decrypt themselves to a single constant virus body in memory. Metamorphic viruses, however, do not. Therefore the detection of the virus code in memory needs to be algorithmic because the virus body does not become constant even there." https://lnkd.in/d_2z5qc View in LinkedIn

TOUGH COOKIES. "Unfortunately, metamorphic viruses such as Win95/Bistro often have a random replication mechanism. Since their code structure is much more obfuscated, they are more difficult to analyse than polymorphic viruses." https://lnkd.in/dbEUciC View in LinkedIn

HOST ALSO MUTATED. "The Win95/Bistro virus not only mutates itself in new generations, but it also mutates the code of its host. This way the virus can generate new viruses and worms. To do this, the virus uses a randomly executed code-morphing routine." https://lnkd.in/eXJNZSa View in LinkedIn

HYPERVARIABLE CODE. "In 2000, Win95/Bistro was created. Based on sources of Zperm virus and RPME (Real Permutating Engine, available for other virus writers to create new metamorphic viruses). Uses a random code block insertion engine. Generates millions of iterations to challenge code emulator's speed." https://lnkd.in/d4jm2JB View in LinkedIn

TWO SYSTEMS. "The nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans has produced a wellspring of insights into mechanisms that govern cellular symmetry breaking during animal development. Here we focus on two highly conserved systems that underlie many of the key symmetry-breaking events that occur during embryonic and larval development in the worm." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn

EARLIEST ASYMMETRY. "Over the past few decades, the C. elegans embryo has become a premiere system for studying cellular symmetry breaking in a developmental context. During C. elegans development, nearly every division produces daughter cells with different developmental trajectories." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn

THIRD FINDING. "Declining frequencies of spontaneous asymmetry reversal throughout vertebrate evolution suggest that heart development has become more canalized." https://lnkd.in/dAEUFWY View in LinkedIn

SECOND FINDING. "The molecular pathway directing hearts leftward—the nodal cascade—varies considerably among vertebrates (homology of form does not require homology of development) and was possibly co-opted from a preexisting asymmetrical chordate organ system." https://lnkd.in/dAEUFWY View in LinkedIn

FIRST FINDING. "Directional asymmetry, an evolutionary novelty, arose from nonheritable origins almost as often as from mutations, implying that genetic assimilation (“phenotype precedes genotype”) is a common mode of evolution." https://lnkd.in/dAEUFWY View in LinkedIn