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CUES AND NO CUES. "Some symmetry-breaking systems require a polarizing cue. Others can spontaneously break symmetry in the absence of any cues, often by amplifying local stochastic fluctuations in the concentrations of participating molecules. In these cases, polarizing cues “choose” the axis of symmetry breaking." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE deals with symmetry and symmetry breaking in animal body design. Symmetry is a common theme that threads through biology, physics and chemistry. It seems fundamental to how the universe is configured. In biology, the issue of symmetry starts at the first cell division of the egg, and does not stop thereafter. It seems that symmetry breaking and chirality is embedded in the very geometry of shape. View in LinkedIn

CUE IDENTITIES. "The identity of the cue(s) that trigger polarization, and whether this cue involves microtubules, has been an ongoing controversy." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn

INSCRUTABLE. "Self-modifying code is notoriously hard to understand and therefore very well suited to hide program internals. Self-modifying code has a long history of hiding the internals of a program. It was used to hide copy protection instructions in 1980s MS DOS based games." https://lnkd.in/dzxTmXb View in LinkedIn

DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS. "The asymmetrically localized Par proteins in turn shape the distributions of cytoplasmic factors that specify different developmental potentials. They also shape the distributions of cortical factors that position the mitotic spindle, and thus the first cleavage furrow, to segregate correctly developmental potentials to unequally sized daughters." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn

THE SPERM CUE. "Acting on an essentially unpolarized cell, the sperm cue triggers a rapid reorganization of the cell cortex, accompanied by the de novo enrichment of conserved polarity determinants known as Par proteins within complementary anterior and posterior cortical domains." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn

DIVERSITY FROM FEW SYSTEMS. "Registration of the cleavage plane with the axis of polarity then ensures differential inheritance of these potentials. With respect to cell fates, the output of these asymmetric divisions is amazingly diverse, yet the embryo seems to accomplish this diversity through variants of a few conserved symmetry-breaking systems." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn

DEVELOPMENTAL SYMMETRY BREAKING. "In some cases, these differences are imposed on daughters before or after division through inductive signals, but many of these divisions are intrinsically asymmetric—an initial symmetry-breaking step creates polarized distributions or activities of factors that control developmental potential." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn

SECOND SYSTEM FOR SYMMETRY BREAKING. "The other uses elements of the Wnt signaling pathway and a highly reiterative mechanism that distinguishes anterior from posterior daughter cell fates." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn

CLEAVAGE FURROW AND POLARITY. "Interestingly, the embryo exploits elements of this same system to break symmetry during cleavage furrow specification and to establish apicobasal polarity in early embryonic cells and in the first true embryonic epithelia." https://lnkd.in/dAxynvD View in LinkedIn