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TRIAL AND ERROR MUTATIONS. "I build a loop through some maximum mutations, pick a random position. Check the syntax and bail if invalid if not I then test the output for the expected result. The idea is the function returns something like “2” but you want it to return “4” and the mutations will continue until it finds the expected value." https://lnkd.in/e2GhRte View in LinkedIn

TRANSITION FROM INANIMATE TO AUTONOMY. “The probability is in fact considerably better, if we consider the sum of all the data stored on computers in the world and the possibility of mutation into any virus. The chances are further boosted by the number of code sequences that are already partly homologous with potential viral code. These are ubiquitous as is evidenced by the common syndrome of virus scanning software erroneously identifying legitimate programs as viral." https://lnkd.in/g5hUBjg View in LinkedIn

SELF-MODIFYING CODE MUTATIONS. "If the program were to alter its code and then hit this altered code multiple times, it’s possible that the resulting instruction would be different each time.” https://lnkd.in/dScXnfT View in LinkedIn

POSSIBILITY VS PROBABILITY. "Several parties have attempted calculations of the likelihood of viruses evolving from "inanimate code" by random mutation. In general, the time estimated for such an event was several times the lifespan of the universe. Yet most studies shared significant flaws in that the calculations were based on a single instance of a random sequence of code evolving into a specific virus of the same length. This is clearly incorrect and on par with watching a dog, in the hope it will turn into a cat." https://lnkd.in/g5hUBjg View in LinkedIn

PERSISTENT ADAPTATION. "Thompson has already described a virus using the AT&T C compiler as a host that can infect other C compilers and persist across platforms, software upgrades and changes of operating system." https://lnkd.in/g5hUBjg View in LinkedIn

EXTREME TRAIT GENERATION. "Dawkins and Krebs and Vermeij, have proposed that coevolutionary ‘‘arms races’’ lead to increased complexity as adaptations and counter-adaptations favor more and more extreme traits." https://lnkd.in/dUUFYJe View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL ARMS RACE. "Antagonistic coevolution between hosts and parasites can drive the evolution of more complex traits by promoting arms races with increased defenses and counter-defenses." https://lnkd.in/dUUFYJe View in LinkedIn

SPATIAL SELECTION. "The Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution predicts that divergent coevolutionary selection produces genetic differentiation across populations. The 29 studies reviewed here support this hypothesis as they all report spatially diverged selection trajectories which have generated variable outcomes in the interaction traits among populations." https://lnkd.in/d3gZgG7 View in LinkedIn

INTERACTIVE CONSEQUENCE. "Coevolution is likely to happen when different species have close ecological interactions with one another. These ecological relationships include: Predator/prey and parasite/host. Competitive species. Mutualistic species." https://lnkd.in/dY9fCZ3 View in LinkedIn

DIVERSITY DRIVER. "Divergent natural coevolutionary selection may be an overwhelmingly important mechanism generating diversity in nature given how different types of interactions show divergence, and how variable the putative causes generating such divergence are." https://lnkd.in/d3gZgG7 View in LinkedIn