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ECOSYSTEMS. “Computer viruses exhibit "species" with well-defined ecological niches based on host machine type and variations within these species. These species are adapted to specific environments and will not survive if moved to a different environment.” https://books.google.com/books?id=qErpoKjc1h4C&pg=PA261&lpg=PA261&dq=computer+virus+metabolism&source=bl&ots=NWmF_p3xqj&sig=XEfXy2VQZdbYQgBJSndUVHbkDSI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi51qLC35fLAhUBcj4KHQW-B9AQ6AEIFzAE View in LinkedIn

WILDINGS. “Unique among all forms of artificial life, computer viruses have escaped their playpens and have established themselves pervasively through the the world's computing environment. Of the world's 100-200 million PC and Macintosh users n the world...up to half a million have been infected at some time or another.” https://books.google.com/books?id=8a6uC0BbyjAC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=computer+viruses+as+artificial+life&source=bl&ots=Uh-Oksfh6f&sig=f8yHoGRadVGtO8pucwuImn5PLPo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxloe0q47LAhUCMyYKHVyyBhYQ6AEIJjAF View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL LIFE. “Computer viruses are the first and only form of artificial life to have had a measurable impact on society.” https://books.google.com/books?id=8a6uC0BbyjAC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=computer+viruses+as+artificial+life&source=bl&ots=Uh-Oksfh6f&sig=f8yHoGRadVGtO8pucwuImn5PLPo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxloe0q47LAhUCMyYKHVyyBhYQ6AEIJjAF View in LinkedIn

DIGITAL JURASSIC. “We must take steps to shape the emergence of artificial organisms; they have the potential to be either the ugliest terrestrial disaster, or the most beautiful creation of humanity." ( Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Santa Fe Insitute).” https://lnkd.in/dMvAeqz View in LinkedIn

INFORMATION PROCESSING. “By contrast, living organisms generate new sequences and new information without involving any algorithms. They are characterized by an inherent competence to use content-loaded signs, relevant for their survival, for signalling and communication.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn

THEORY OF INFORMATION. “The former is a mathematical procedure, which depends on set algorithms to perform any tasks, and which only processes quantifiable sets of signs according to algorithm-based rules.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn

COMMUNICATION. “Organisms can even generate de novo sequences to adapt appropriately. A machine can only simulate biocommunication, but it cannot communicate in such non-formalizable terms.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn

INTERACTIVE. “First, context-dependent epigenetic markers control the activity of genes. These markers are not inscribed in the genome but are the result of internal processes, environmental factors and developmental history.” http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3512409/ View in LinkedIn