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PRIMORDIAL DIGITAL SOUP. “What would happen, McCaskill had wondered, if one made a soup of Turing machines and let them collide; one collision partner would act as the machine, and the other partner in the collision would act as the input tape. The soup of programs would act on itself, rewriting each other's programs until... Until what? Well, it didn't work. Many Turing machine programs are able to enter infinite loop and "hang." http://www.panspermia.org/computrs.htm View in LinkedIn

ORIGINS. “Any theory holding that life originates on Earth de novo from nonliving chemicals has problems for which computers provide a good metaphor. The problems are in two categories, hardware and software. For life as for computers, both are required, together. After eukaryotic cellular life has become established, in this metaphor, the machinery for creating new biological hardware is in place, and the remaining problem is one of software only. How does the genetic programming for new evolutionary features get written and installed?” http://www.panspermia.org/computrs.htm View in LinkedIn

COMPLEXITY. “The hallmark of complexity theory is the extensive use of information theory and computers to model the behavior of notoriously complex problems such as economic markets, protein folding, and evolution.” http://www.panspermia.org/computrs.htm View in LinkedIn

NUANCED CHALLENGE. “Go is considered much more difficult for computers to win than other games such as chess, because its much larger branching factor makes it prohibitively difficult to use traditional AI methods such as brute-force search.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaGo View in LinkedIn

A BIG LEAP FORWARD. “The carpel, or female reproductive organ enclosing the ovules, is one of the major evolutionary innovations of the flowering plants.” https://lnkd.in/dbZEjuz View in LinkedIn

UNIQUE STRUCTURES. “The angiosperm carpel is one of the defining characteristics of flowering plants. Carpels are unique to angiosperms and are found in all of its members. Yet, due to the distinctive structure and function of carpels, deducing homologies among carpels and other seed-plant organs has been difficult.” https://lnkd.in/dEJykw4 View in LinkedIn

“THE PISTILS OF A FLOWER are considered to be composed of carpels. A carpel is a theoretical construct interpreted as modified leaves bearing structures called ovules, inside which the egg cells ultimately form. A pistil may consist of one carpel, with its ovary, style and stigma, or several carpels may be joined together with a single ovary, the whole unit called a pistil.” https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynoecium View in LinkedIn

THE PRECURSOR TO FRUIT. “The carpel is the female reproductive organ that encloses the ovules in flowering plants or angiosperms. The origin of the carpel and its subsequent morphological modifications were probably of vital importance to the evolution of the angiosperms, and the carpel is also very important as the precursor organ to the fruit.” https://lnkd.in/dN-h-K2 View in LinkedIn

TRANSFORMATIVE STRUCTURE. “The carpel is the female reproductive organ, enclosing one or more ovules, of the angiosperm flower. Carpel origin and associated processes (carpel fusion, placenta formation etc) represent perhaps the most important events in the anatomical evolution of the angiosperms.” https://lnkd.in/d2EsAxW View in LinkedIn