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BONE HEALING. "The piezoelectric effect plays an important role in bone growth, remodeling, and fracture healing." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

"DEVELOPMENTAL CONSTRAINTS are important to body plan evolution. For plants, one of the most obvious of these is the phyletic legacy of a cell wall, which evolved independently many times among the various plant lineages and whose mode of deposition and material properties profoundly influence how cell size and shape are free to change." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/85/4/411.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

"BIOPIEZOELECTRICITY is exhibited in large-scale biological systems such as proteins, biopolymers, polysaccharides, organelles and glands." https://lnkd.in/eBe5QYb View in LinkedIn

BYPASSING ANIMAL CONSTRAINTS. "Arguably, this ontogeny permits morphological and anatomical convergence as well as divergence among phyletically otherwise divergent plant lineages because it holds the potential to bypass many of the developmental constraints imposed on metazoans that often have a `closed and determinate' ontogeny." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/85/4/411.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

PLANT OPEN PLAN. "Importantly, most of these body plans have an ‘open and indeterminate' ontogeny involving multiple growing points and persistent cellular divisions throughout the lifetime of the individual such that adult size, geometry and shape are not necessarily developmentally prefigured in the juvenile condition." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/85/4/411.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

PROCESS RATHER THAN FORM. "Unlike those of the metazoans, the body plans of plants are difficult to categorize or define. The perspective taken here is that plant Baupläne are far more profitably discussed in terms of how organized growth is achieved and how different tissue fabrics are used to construct the plant body." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/85/4/411.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

STEREOTYPED EMBRYOPHYTES. "This history involved evolutionary modifications in a variety of body features that undoubtedly prefigured to some degree the highly stereotyped embryophyte body plan." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/85/4/411.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

VASCULAR PLANT RADIATION. "This focus has significantly advanced our understanding of the evolution of the embryophytes, but it has largely ignored a complex antecedent history during which different body plans evolved within and among the genetically distinct but morphologically homoplasic aquatic plant lineages, collectively called the `algae'." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/85/4/411.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

PLANT BODY PLANS. "In contrast, the evolution of body plans among plants, here defined as photosynthetic eukaryotes, has received comparatively much less attention and has been discussed largely in the context of the radiation of the early vascular land plants and their terrestrial non-vascular predecessors during early Paleozoic times." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/85/4/411.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

FOCUS ON ANIMAL BODY PLANS. "Much has been written about the initial appearance and subsequent evolution of metazoan body plans, particularly in terms of the great Cambrian `explosion' and the attending evolutionary debut of multicellular animal body plans during a comparatively brief period of time." https://lnkd.in/dqAQfMR View in LinkedIn