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ELECTROCHEMICAL CLOCK REGULATION. "There is growing awareness that circadian clocks are closely related to the intracellular redox state across a range of species. As the redox state is determined by the exchange of the redox species, electrochemically controlled extracellular electron transfer (EC-EET), a process in which intracellular electrons are exchanged with extracellular electrodes, is a promising approach for the external regulation of circadian clocks.” https://lnkd.in/d-EW9zi View in LinkedIn

CLOCK GENE REGULATION. “Recent evidence suggests that peripheral clock gene expression is subject to local metabolic (including aging) and mechanical stimuli, which also lead to epigenetic alterations underlying cellular dysfunction. In liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue, for example, the clocks can be influenced by the metabolic rate.” https://lnkd.in/dvGxeQP View in LinkedIn

CLOCK GENE LOCATION. “We now know that the central clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are primarily entrained by light, and SCN outputs synchronize peripheral clock genes in cells of other tissues. The clock machinery is comprised of oscillatory positive and negative transcriptional-translational feedback loops involving the clock-related genes and their products.” https://lnkd.in/dvGxeQP View in LinkedIn

CLOCK GENES. "Mammalian circadian rhythms are driven by endogenous biological oscillators, the biological clock. Major molecular insight into the biological clock has been gained since the identification and cloning of the first clock genes.” https://lnkd.in/dvGxeQP View in LinkedIn

NO SUCCESSION PLAN. “To give another metric of the academic maturity of the field: ​only five people in the US have ​ever​ received PhDs in the physical sciences for dissertations whose primary focus was SETI​, only two of whom are astronomers today. Four were trained at Harvard by Paul Horowitz, eventually building a dedicated optical SETI observatory. The fifth is Andrew Siemion, trained in radio astronomy at Berkeley by Dan Werthimer and Geoff Bower—today Dr. Siemion serves as the director of the Breakthrough Listen SETI project and as the Oliver Chair for SETI Research at the SETI Institute.” https://lnkd.in/djnMhU6 View in LinkedIn

Coin shell fossils in Girona limestone. View in LinkedIn

CATCH-22. “One reason for this is that because the field has been largely funded philanthropically, much of the work has happened outside of academia and outside the aegis of the NSF, which strongly supports training as part of its scientific efforts. What SETI work has been done since 1960 has thus not been accompanied by a proportional amount of student training or formal curricular development, and has happened largely outside of academic publish-or-perish culture.” https://lnkd.in/djnMhU6 View in LinkedIn

SCANT PUBLICATIONS. “Despite a high public profile for nearly 60 years, the field is still small and many of the search strategies identified in the 1960’s remain essentially unexplored, to say nothing of the many more recently identified avenues. Indeed, an ADS bibliography of all work in the field contains fewer than 2,000 entries, only 66 of which have more than 20 citations—​the h-index of the field ​as a whole​ is 33​.” https://lnkd.in/djnMhU6 View in LinkedIn