21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-18 05:11:51

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A HOLY GRAIL. “Animal genomes contain a code for construction of the body plan from a fertilized egg. Understanding how genome information is deciphered to create the complex multilayered regulatory systems that drive organismal development, and which become altered in disease, is one of the greatest challenges in the biological sciences.” https://lnkd.in/dfCi2dc View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-18 05:09:45

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FRAGMENT FROM NATURE for this and next weekend deal with animal regulatory kernels, those genetic regulatory networks that are at the heart of regulatory complexity. It has become apparent that it is not the total number of genes or proteins that control biological complexity, but rather the way that these elements are regulated that are the higher level arbiters of diversity. This outline illustrates the breathtaking and exquisite beauty of cellular control. View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-17 04:20:01

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CLOCK PATHWAY DEFICIENCIES. “Mice deficient in Bmal1 alter glucose and insulin secretion. Bmal1−/− mice increase concentrations of circulating fatty acids resulting in formation of ectopic fat in the liver and skeletal muscle. When rhythmicity is rescued in Bmal1−/− mice with Bmal2, insulin secretion and activity patterns are restored.” https://lnkd.in/dH6Ha79 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-17 04:18:54

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CLOCK MALFUNCTIONS. “Mice harboring mutations in various components of the circadian clock are susceptible to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Clock mutant mice on a BALB/c and C57BL/6J background are susceptible to diet-induced obesity. Clock mutants display profound changes in circadian rhythmicity as well as disruptions in diurnal food intake and increased body mass.” https://lnkd.in/dH6Ha79 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-17 04:16:58

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CIRCADIAN HORMONES. “Metabolically related hormones such as glucagon, insulin, ghrelin, leptin, and corticosterone oscillate in a circadian manner. There is rhythmic expression of orexigenic signals including neuropeptide Y, galanin, and preopiomelanocortin within the hypothalamus, an area critical for coordinating metabolic signals. Circadian fluctuations in hunger and appetite have also been reported.” https://lnkd.in/dH6Ha79 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-07-19 06:04:23

linkedin post 2020-07-19 06:04:23

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CYBERNETIC CONSIDERATIONS. “Other regulatory units such as “plug-ins” (e.g. signaling pathways) and “on–off switches” linking subcircuits also perform an important role as flexible modular units. On the other hand, effector subcircuits perform cell biology functions such as cell shape changes or proliferation, while differentiation gene batteries comprise the terminal differentiation molecules necessary for the cell to perform its ultimate role in the organism.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160613004119 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-07-17 04:15:25

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PINEAL MASTER HORMONE. “Melatonin, produced in the pineal body, resynchronizes the SCN by providing information about light/darkness from the retinohypothalamic tract. Melatonin is also essential for regulation of rhythmic functions in peripheral target tissues of the clock.” (SCN = Suprachiasmatic nucleus). https://lnkd.in/dFZDTVU View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-07-18 05:22:58

linkedin post 2020-07-18 05:22:58

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CONCEPT OF KERNELS. “Among the regulatory subcircuits, kernels are critical evolutionary conserved units found at the onset organ or structure formation. The inactivation of any of their components will typically result in major deficiencies in the structure they regulate.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160613004119 View in LinkedIn
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