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DOUBLE FUNCTION. “Thus, with the amphibians the primary olfactory nose has evolved towards a nose devoted to olfaction and respiration. The amphibian nose communicates externally via the external naris and connects with the oral cavity posteriorly to the primary palate by the internal naris. The nasal cavity of amphibians is lined by olfactory epithelium with the exception of its ventro-lateral wall region.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

RANGE OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE. "Many scientists have begun to understand that such traditional knowledge extends far beyond what in western science would be called descriptive biology, beyond knowing how to identify different species of animals, or describe their feeding, reproduction, or migratory behaviour.” https://lnkd.in/dvpgYsT View in LinkedIn

OLFACTORY PRIMACY. “In amphibians, their ability to smell is derived from the superficial oscillatory movements of their buccal floor in order to establish intimate contact to their immediate surroundings be it a terrestrial or aquatic medium. The nasal respiratory function, however, is secondary as skin respiration is predominant. Amphibians, as a result, recruited the olfactory organ, as an intermittent tool for its respiratory apparatus.” http://www.wjgnet.com/esps/DownLoadFile.aspx?Type=Digital&SubType=2&DOI=10.5319%2Fwjo.v6.i2.33&FilePath=Pub%5C10.5319%5Cv6%5Ci2%5CWJO-6-33.doc View in LinkedIn

WESTERN VIEW. "Contemporary Western attitudes concerning the management of natural resources, treatment of nonhuman animals, and the natural world emerge from traditions derived from Western European philosophy, i.e., they assume that humans are autonomous from, and in control of, the natural world." https://lnkd.in/dAGFHp2 View in LinkedIn

INDIGENOUS VIEW. "For traditionally schooled aboriginal people in many regions, the environment is seen as a whole; all the parts are interconnected in a seamless web of causes and effects, actions and outcomes, behaviors and consequences. People, animals, plants, natural objects, and supernatural entities are not separate and distinct." https://lnkd.in/d-xjfAa View in LinkedIn

FOOD CRITICAL. "Beginning 11,000 years ago, it was the rise of food production (agriculture and herding), yielding 100 to 1,000 times more food per acre than the hunter/gatherer lifestyle, that fueled the rise of sedentary populous societies with storable food surpluses and all of their consequences." https://lnkd.in/d4Twb7p View in LinkedIn

PLANT DOMESTICATION. "A century of research by botanists and zoologists has established that only certain plant and animal species lend themselves to domestication, and has identified the specific problems preventing the domestication of kangaroos, oak trees, and most other species." https://lnkd.in/d4Twb7p View in LinkedIn

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RECENT HISTORY. "Until 11,000 years ago, all people everywhere on Earth were hunter/gatherers, living at modest population densities because the hunter/gatherer lifestyle yields only modest food quantities and little or no storable food surpluses." https://lnkd.in/d4Twb7p View in LinkedIn

REALITY CHECK. "It's humbling to remember that our species has, perhaps, been around for 150,000 years. The Neolithic Revolution -- which gave us agriculture, at which time we succumbed to the cult of the seed; the poetry of the shaman was displaced by the prose of the priesthood; we created hierarchy specialization surplus -- is only 10,000 years ago. The modern industrial world as we know it is barely 300 years old." https://lnkd.in/d_uwCcC View in LinkedIn