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CAREFUL INVESTMENT PLANNING. "Leaves do not transport fixed carbon until nearly mature; instead they act as a speculative drain on the limited supplies of root minerals and water. Likewise roots only sequester minerals in their mature regions. Inaccurate speculation, that is poor decision-making, can waste valuable resources and short shrift can be expected in the Darwinian struggle." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

RESOURCE GRADIENTS. "It is growth along gradients of resources that lead both root and shoot to eventually meet rich pockets. Exploratory shoots will grow along light gradients to the more intense regions and roots will grow along humidity and mineral gradients. Information transduced by resource sensors thus directs behavioral responses that increase the probability of attainment of richer sources of food in the near future." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

DIVISION OF LABOR. "Many trees are constructed from long and short shoots, the long being exploratory for new light sources in a canopy of light patches, whilst short shoots carry most of the leaves and exploit light already available." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

PLANNING. "Plant actively forage for environmental resources by modeling their future availability and benefits over costs." http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-005-0014-9 View in LinkedIn

PLANTS "continuously record and evaluate a complex field of external stimuli, forming thereby something which could be described as an “inner representation” or a “cognitive map” of the environment, including information about qualitative and quantitative aspect of light conditions, humidity, temperature and other biotic and abiotic environmental inputs." http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/psb.4.5.8276#abstract View in LinkedIn

FLEXIBLE ADAPTATION. "Plants display all the necessary “components” of intelligent behavior (assuming that their plastic, flexible development is behavior). In particular, they surely do exhibit individual variability and adaptivity." http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/psb.4.5.8276#abstract View in LinkedIn